Transcript dependent clause

5 Sentence Patterns: Option Sheet
Understanding Clauses:
Writing Compound and Complex Sentences
Clause
• A group of words which contains
a subject and a verb
• Not him!
•
Note: There are two types of clauses--Independent and Dependent
Independent Clause
• Contains a subject and a verb
Independence Hall
• It can stand alone, makes sense by itself,
and has a period at end of clause.
• “Independence Hall is in Philadelphia.”
subject
verb
Dependent Clause
• Contains a subject and a verb
Can’t stand alone!
• It cannot stand alone, does not make
sense by itself, and cannot have a period.
• “When he broke his leg”
subject verb
• Note: This phrase leaves us wondering, “What happened when he
broke his leg?” This is a fragment!
Compound Sentences–Option #1
• Two independent clauses joined by a comma
and one of the FANBOYS:
, for
, and
, nor
, but
, or
, yet
, so
“The twins are short, and they have curly hair.”
subj
verb
subj
verb
Compound Sentence—Option #2
• Two independent clauses joined by-a semi-colon only
;

+
semi-truck
colon
“The two independent clauses need to be closely related;
the ideas are linked by the semi-colon.”
Note: For a two page paper, maybe, possibly, perhaps you could use
ONE semi-colon. Do not over use semicolons.
Compound Sentence–Option # 3
• Two independent clauses joined by a
semi-colon + conjunctive adverb + comma
“The puzzle is not hard; however, pieces were missing.”
independent clause
conjunctive
adverb
independent clause
• Note: The following slide contains a list of conjunctive adverbs.
Conjunctive Adverbs
In Option #3 conjunctive adverbs can JOIN two independent clauses .
; consequently,
; furthermore,
; however,
; indeed,
; in fact,
; moreover,
; nevertheless, (always one word!)
; then,
; therefore,
“Hank feels conjoined to his computer; indeed, if he were on a desert
island, he would want his computer as much as a drink of water!”
Complex Sentences–Option #4
Remember—an independent clause can stand alone,
but a dependent clause must be attached to an independent
clause.
complex math!
A complex sentence happens when
• An independent clause is followed  by a
dependent clause. There is NO comma.
• “I ate Mom’s cookies because they were so yummy.”
independent clause
dependent clause
Complex Sentence—Option #5
A complex sentence happens when-Mom
• A dependent clause comes before the
independent clause. There IS a comma.
• “Because they were so yummy, I ate Mom’s cookies.”
dependent clause
 independent clause
Note: A comma must separate the dependent clause from the independent clause.
The following slide contains a list of dependent words.
Dependent Words Which Start
Dependent Clauses
Some classic words used to START dependent clauses:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
after
although
as (as if)
because
before
if
since
unless
until
when
whenever
whereas
while
“Because she had no clothes, Minerva caught a cold.”
dependent clause
independent clause
Classic art
Quiz: Comma or No Comma???
• “The spring semester ends after finals are
given during the second week of May.”
• NO COMMA is needed for this is Option #4: “The spring semester
ends after finals are given during the second week of May.”
Quiz: Comma or No Comma?
• “When I am tired I rest in the hammock.”
• A comma is needed for this is Option #5: “When I am tired, I rest in
the hammock.”
Quiz: Comma or No Comma?
• “Mario attends college and he does well in
his classes.”
• A comma is needed for this is Option #1 with two independent
clauses: “Mario attends college, and he does well in his classes.”
Quiz: Comma or No Comma?
• “Maria attends college and does well in her
classes.”
• No comma is needed for this is just a list of two activities (verbs):
“Maria attends college and does well in her classes.”
Quiz: Comma or No Comma?
• “Jose answered all the test questions;
however he did not pass the test.”
•
A comma is needed for this is Option #3: “Jose answered all the test
questions; however, he did not pass the test.”
Sentence Variety
• Using a variety of sentence patterns in an
essay makes the writing interesting.
• Use these punctuation patterns (Option
#1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) to combine short, choppy
sentences, to not write fragments, and to
not write run-ons.
The End--Almost
• Memorize your 5 Options on the Option
Sheet!