Transcript e-banking

Unit 4
COMPUTERS IN BANKING
Skills focus
Reading
• identifying topic development within
a paragraph
• using the Internet effectively
• evaluating Internet search results
Writing
•reporting research findings
Vocabulary focus
• computer jargon
• abbreviations and acronyms
• discourse and stance
markers
• verb and noun suffixes
4.1 Vocabulary
4.2 Reading
4.3 Extending
skills
4.4 Extending
skills
4.1 Vocabulary
A Study the words and phrases in box a.
1 Which words or phrases relate to computers
and the Internet? Which relate to books and
libraries? Find two groups of words.
2 Find pairs of words and phrases with similar
meanings, one from each group.
3 Check your ideas with the first part of the
Computer Jargon Buster on the opposite page.
4.1 Vocabulary
A Study the words and phrases in box a.
Common word or phrase
for books and libraries
Word or phrase for Internet
and electronic information
books
electronic resources
index
search engine
cross-conference
hyperlink
catalogue
database
library
World Wide Web
table of contents
menu
look up
browse/search
page
web page
open
log in/log on
close
exit/log off
4.1 Vocabulary
B Complete the instructions for using the
Learning Resource Centre with words or
phrases from box a. Change the form if
necessary.
4.1 Vocabulary
B Complete the instructions for using the Learning
Research Centre with words or phrases from box a.
Instructions for use:
Wide Web you must first
If you want to access web pages on the World
___________________,
log in to the university Intranet with your username and password.
____________
search engine
Browse/Search
You can use any ___________________but
the default is Google. _______________
for web pages by typing one or more keywords in the search box and
clicking on Search, or pressing Enter. When the results appear, click on a
hyperlink
________________(highlighted
in blue) to go to the web page. Click on Back to
return to the results listing.
database
You can also use the university ______________of
learning resources. Click on
menu
Banking Resources on the main ________.
4.1 Vocabulary
C Study the abbreviations and acronyms in box b.
1 How do you say each one?
2 Divide them into two groups:
• Abbreviations
• Acronyms
See Vocabulary bank.
Acronyms:
CAD /kæd/, CAL /kæl/, CAM /kæm/, PIN /pɪn/, ROM /rɔm/,
WAN /wæn/
Abbreviations:
DVD, HTML, HTTP, ISP, LCD, URL, USB, WWW
Vocabulary bank
Understanding abbreviations and acronyms
An abbreviation is a shorter version of something. For example, PC /pi:si:/
is an abbreviation for personal computer.
An acronym is similar to an abbreviation, but it is pronounced as a word.
For example, CAL /kæl/ is an acronym for computer-assisted learning.
We normally write an abbreviation or acronym with capital letters,
although the full words have lower case letters. However, there are
exceptions, such as www, which is usually written with lower case letters.
Vocabulary bank
Understanding abbreviations and acronyms
We pronounce the vowel letters
in abbreviations in this way:
We normally pronounce the vowel
letters in acronyms in this way:
A
/eɪ/
A
/æ/
E
/i:/
E
/e/
I
/ai/
I
/ɪ/
O
/əʊ/
O
/ɔ/
U
/ju:/
U
/ʌ/
4.1 Vocabulary
D Test each other on the items in Exercise C.
1
What do the letters stand for in
each case?
2
What do they mean?
3
Check your ideas with the second
part of The Computer Jargon
Buster on the opposite page.
4.1 Vocabulary
E Study the nouns in box c.
1 Make a verb from each noun.
2 Make another noun from the verb.
See Vocabulary bank.
Vocabulary bank
Common suffixes
Suffixes for verbs
Examples
-ize
authorize, computerize
-(i)fy
modify, specify, rectify
-ate
authenticate, communicate
Vocabulary bank
Common suffixes
Suffixes for nouns
There are many suffixes for nouns. But verbs ending
in ~ize, ~ify and ~ate form nouns with ~ation.
Examples
Verb
Noun
~ize
~ization
authorization, computerization
~ify
~ification
modification, specification
~ate
~ation
authentication, communication
4.1 Vocabulary
E Study the nouns in box c.
1 Make a verb from each noun.
2 Make another noun from the verb.
Noun 1
class
Verb
classify
Noun 2
classification
computer
computerize
computerization
digit
digitize
digitization
identity
identify
identification
machine
mechanize
mechanization
4.2 Reading
A Discuss these questions.
1 How are computers used in banking today?
In all departments: to keep records, access accounts, transact business, obtain
financial information, etc.
2 How has their use in banking changed since the 1970s?
In the 1970s, mainframe computers were used within banks only. Now PCs
provide customers with access to a greater range of services.
3 How have computers helped banks process and dispense payments?
ATMs provide customers with access to their accounts 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week; debit cards have reduced the cost of processing payments.
4.2 Reading
B Look at the title of the text on the opposite page.
1 What does e-banking stand for?
Electronic banking.
2 What exactly does it mean.
The delivery of banking products and
services to financial institutions,
individuals or businesses electronically.
4.2 Reading
B Look at the title of the text on the opposite page.
3 What would you like to know about it?
Make a list of questions.
Possible questions:
What processes can be computerized?
Where do people use e-banking?
Why is e-banking used?
When did people start using it?
Who operates the computers?
How successful is e-banking?
4.2 Reading
C One student wrote some ideas about e-banking
before reading the text on the opposite page.
1 Write A (I agree), D (I disagree) or ? (I’m not sure) next to
the ideas on the right.
2 Add any other ideas you have.
E-banking customers can only access their accounts through the Internet.
In the 1970s, bank customers did not benefit directly from the computerization of
banks.
Debit cards have made the processing of payments cheaper.
Interbank electronic transfers of funds are computerized.
Wholesale funds transfer systems are computerized.
All banks use compatible computer hardware and software.
4.2 Reading
D Read all the topic sentences in the text on the
opposite page.
Structure A
1 What is the structure of this text? Choose
Structure A or B (on the right)?
Text structure A.
Structure B
4.2 Reading
D Read all the topic sentences in the text on the
opposite page.
2 What do you expect to find in each paragraph?
Predicted Contents
Para 1
what e-banking is; how it operates
Para 2
details of how computer technology benefits customers, e.g., online/telephone
access to accounts
Para 3
a history of US clearing systems; comparison with today?
Para 4
a description of the retail funds transfer system
Para 5 how retail funds transfers operate
Para 6
how CDI is a problem for banks
4.2 Reading
E Read the text and check your predictions.
Paragraph 1
Prediction: what e-banking is; how it operates.
Actual: The prediction was correct.
Paragraph 2
Prediction: details of how computer technology benefits customers, e.g.,
online/telephone access to accounts.
Actual: It starts by describing the usage of mainframes. The rest of the paragraph
then describes the benefits of technology for banks.
Paragraph 3
Prediction: a history of US clearing systems; comparison with today?
Actual: It starts by defining the EFT system then describes today’s computerized
clearing house systems for large-value funds.
4.2 Reading
E Read the text and check your predictions.
Paragraph 4
Prediction: a description of the retail funds transfer system.
Actual: The prediction was correct.
Paragraph 5
Prediction: how retail funds transfers operate.
Actual: The prediction was correct.
Paragraph 6
Prediction: how CDI is a problem for banks
Actual: The prediction was correct. The focus is on CDI and the reasons for the
problems with CDI.
4.2 Reading
F Answer these questions.
1 What exactly is ACH?
ACH (automated clearing house) is a domestic retail funds transfer system
that handles large volumes of relatively low-value payments, including
cheques, credit transfers, direct debits, ATM and EFTPOS transactions.
2 How are CHAPS and CHIPS different?
CHAPS (clearing house automated payment system) is the UK system;
CHIPS (clearing house interbank payments system) is the system used
in the US.
3 Why don’t all financial institutions use ACH?
Most banks and financial institutions are using incompatible computer
products. It is very expensive to replace them with a single integrated
system.
4.2 Reading
G Topics sometimes develop inside a paragraph.
1 Does the topic develop in each paragraph of the text? If so, underline
the word or words which introduce the change.
2 What is the effect of the word or words on the development of the
topic?
See Skills bank.
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
• Introducing the topic
• Developing the topic
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Introducing the topic
In a text, a new paragraph indicates the start of a new topic.
The topic is given in the topic sentence, which is at or near the
beginning of the paragraph. The topic sentence gives the topic, and also
makes a comment about the topic.
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Example:
E-banking is an umbrella term used in the banking industry.
The topic is e-banking. The comment is this is an umbrella term.
The sentences that follow then expand or explain the topic sentence.
Example:
It defines the delivery of banking products and services electronically …
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Developing the topic
A paragraph is normally about the same basic topic (the ‘unity
principle’). However, within a paragraph, ideas often develop beyond
the comment. This development is often shown by
• a discourse marker: but, although, etc.
• a stance marker: thankfully, unfortunately, etc.
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Discourse markers generally make a connection between the previous
information and what comes next. They mainly introduce contrasts or
additional information.
Example:
Electronic transfers between banks were well established by the
1970s...
However, in the early 1980s, personal computers made the computerization of
small value processes viable.
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Stance markers show the writer’s point of view or attitude to the
information, i.e., whether he/she is surprised, pleased, unhappy, etc.
about the information.
Example:
Thankfully, this took humans out of tedious operations …
4.2 Reading
Discourse
marker
Stance
marker
G Topics sometimes develop inside a paragraph.
Effect
Para 1
Para 2 but
At first
However
Thankfully
Para 3 In comparison
to show contrast
to highlight a specific time
to show contrast (a change to a new technology and usage)
to signal the writer’s view that computerization has brought benefits
to show contrast/compare
Para 4
Para 5
Para 6 Although
to show contrast
Unfortunately to signal the writer’s view that this is a problem for banks
Consequently
to show a link (cause/effect) to the previous statement
However, as
to qualify the previous statement – CDI cannot be the future for
all banks
4.3 Extending skills
A Discuss these questions.
You want to find out about computers in banking today. Where would you look for
the information? Why?
In a current technical journal – very useful, as recent articles give the latest
information.
On the Internet – good if the correct keywords are used and a careful selection of
results is made.
In a textbook – useful if there is an up-to-date one, but books take time to publish,
so even the latest may be out of date in these technologically fast-moving times.
4.3 Extending skills
A Discuss these questions.
2 What keywords would you use to make this search? Why?
latest/recent
computers/computerization
technology
banking/e-banking (process)
journal
EFT
CHAPS
CHIPS
ACH
very
specific to
the task
journals give the latest information
specific to the
technology
this year
current state
the year’s date
nowadays
the time
factor
In this list of possible
keywords, the first
four are obvious
starting points; others
are also possible.
4.3 Extending skills
√
√
B Your search produces 50
results. How can you select the
?
√
most useful ones without reading
all of them? Look at the list of
criteria on the right and put a tick
or ‘?’.
?
√
√
√
?
?
√
√
4.3 Extending skills
C You have some more research tasks (below). Choose up to
three keywords or phrases for each search.
1 What are the issues surrounding wireless technology in banking?
2 How do I calculate the repayments for a £200 mortgage for a term of 20 years?
3 Has the euro or the GBP appreciated the most against the USD over the last
calendar year?
4.3 Extending skills
D Go to a computer and try out your chosen keywords.
4.4 Extending skills
A What information is contained in the
results listing of a search engine?
1 Make a list
2 Check with the results listings on the
opposite page.
number of results
keywords used
time taken
title of document
type of document
quotations from the text with keywords
highlighted
web address/URL
4.4 Extending skills
B Scan the results listings. Answer these
questions.
1 What keywords were entered?
banking, journals, latest, technology
2 Why was journals used as a keyword? Why is it not in inverted commas?
Because journals give the most current information. Inverted commas are put
round a phrase to indicate that it is all one meaningful lexical item. In Google,
as one word, journals does not need them.
3 What happens if you enter bank instead of banking as a search term?
The search is broadened to include items including the word bank as well as
banking.
4.4 Extending skills
C Answer these questions.
1 Which results contain abbreviations or acronyms?
Result 1: RFID, www, com, k
Result 2: @, ABA, Vol., www, com
Result 3: @, ABA, Vol., www, com
Result 4: Tech, Inc., com, html, k
Result 5: ABA, www, com, html, k
Result 6: ABA, www, com, html, k
Result 7: IFX, xml, sys, com, htm, k
Result 8: &, www, com, k
Result 9: IT, ABA, edu, com, k
Result 10: BRINT, KM, https (hypertext transfer protocol secure sockets), www, net,
php (hypertext preprocessor), k
4.4 Extending skills
C Answer these questions.
2 Where is each website address?
At the end.
3 Where is the size of each document?
At the end (if it is given), e.g., 23k.
4 Which results have all the keywords?
Results 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9.
5 Which results refer to journals?
All except result 7.
4.4 Extending skills
C Answer these questions.
6 Which results come from commercial sites?
All sites are commercial sites.
7 What does similar pages mean?
There were other very similar results, so the search engine ignored them. They are
available if you click on the words.
8 What does cached mean?
It is a more efficient way of storing information.
4.4 Extending skills
D Continue your research on computers in banking today by entering
the keywords into a search engine and accessing three of the results.
Compare your findings with other students.
E Choose the most interesting result. Write a paragraph about the
information you discovered.
Develop the topic within the paragraph with discourse markers and
stance markers.
See Skills bank.
Skills bank
Recording and reporting findings
When you do research, record information about the source. Refer to the
source when you report your findings.
Examples:
Johnson (2005) states that …
As Drucker suggests in his 2001 article in The Economist, ...
According to Robbins in his book Organizational Behaviour (2006), ...
As the writer of the article on The Guardian Unlimited (March 4, 2008) says, …
Tips for Reference
4.1 Vocabulary部分，结合A项练习，先引导学生讨论有关computer和
library的常用词，再进一步讨论computer和library的异同点和优缺点；完
成B项练习后，结合Vocabulary bank的内容，完成C、D、E项练习。
4.2 Reading部分，先请学生结合自己的理解讨论A项练习，然后引导学生
通过文章标题预测课文大意（B项练习），随后依次完成C-G项练习，最
后结合Skills bank内容讲解 “Developing ideas in a paragraph”和 “Recording
and reporting findings”。
4.3 Extending skills部分，建议采用小组讨论和实际操作相结合的形式，
重点训练学生如何有效运用电脑查找信息与资料。
4.4 Extending skills部分，建议与学生实践操作的结果相结合，完成A-E项
练习。
谢谢欣赏！