Transcript Dicit pueros pugnare.

Indirect Statement
Part I
LFA I Lesson 59
2012-2013
Direct vs. Indirect
• A “direct statement” quotes the exact words
of a speaker, and uses quotation marks.
• Dicit, “Pueri pugnant!”
• He says, “The boys are fighting!”
Pueri
pugnant!
Direct vs. Indirect Statement
• Indirect statement just reports the words of
another person.
• Dicit pueros pugnare.
Dicit pueros
• He says (that) the boys are fighting.
pugnare.
Pueri
pugnant!
Direct vs. Indirect Statement
• For indirect statement, Latin converts the
form of the direct statement’s verb into an
infinitive, and its subject from the
Dicit
nominative to the accusative case.
pueros
• The indirect statement is considered the
object of the main verb.
Pueri
pugnant!
pugnare.
Tenses of Indirect Statement
• There are 3 tenses of infinitives, and each
tense is used to show when the indirect
statement is happening:
– Present infinitive: indirect statement happens at
the same time as the main verb
– Perfect infinitive: indirect statement happens
before the main verb
– Future infinitive: indirect statement happens after
the main verb
Examples of Infinitive Tenses
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He says the boys are fighting.
Dicit pueros pugnare.
He says the boys were fighting.
Dicit pueros pugnavisse.
He says the boys will fight.
Dicit pueros pugnaturos esse.
Important Words to Remember
• “esse” is the infinitive of “to be” and is often
used in indirect statement:
• Dicunt puerum esse fortem.
• They say the boy is brave.
• “Intro” words for indirect statement include
puto (think), dico (say), scio (know), sentio
(feel), spero (hope), and others.
Try these sentences!
All the main (first) verbs are present tense. 
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Dicunt puellam esse pulchram.
Putamus magistram esse sapientem.
Puer scit patriam esse magnam.
Dicit servos fugisse.
Dicit servos fugituros esse.
We think the girl is carrying water. 
Indirect Statement
Part II: Sequence of Tenses
LFA I Lesson 60
2012-2013
Sequence of Tenses
• Review: there are 3 tenses of infinitives, and
each tense is used to show when the indirect
statement is happening:
– Present infinitive: indirect statement happens at
the same time as the main verb
– Perfect infinitive: indirect statement happens
before the main verb
– Future infinitive: indirect statement happens after
the main verb
Sequence of Tenses…
Time To Get Your Logic On
• The translation of the infinitive is dependent on
the tense of the main verb.
• Dicit pueros pugnare.
• Main verb: present tense
• Infinitive: present tense
• Present tense infinitive=happens at the same
time as the main verb.
• Therefore: the infinitive is also translated
presently. He says that the boys are fighting.
Sequence of Tenses…
Time To Get Your Logic On
• The translation of the infinitive is dependent on
the tense of the main verb.
• Dixit pueros pugnare.
• Main verb: past tense (perfect tense)
• Infinitive: present tense
• Present tense infinitive=happens at the same
time as the main verb.
• Therefore: the infinitive is also translated past-ly.
He said that the boys were fighting.
Sequence of Tenses…
Time To Get Your Logic On
• The translation of the infinitive is dependent on
the tense of the main verb.
• Dicet pueros pugnare.
• Main verb: future tense
• Infinitive: present tense
• Present tense infinitive=happens at the same
time as the main verb.
• Therefore: the infinitive is also translated futurely. He will say that the boys are fighting.
• ***You don’t need to say “will fight” b/c the
future is already implied by the English here.
Try these sentences!
All the infinitives are present tense=same time as main verb. 
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Dixit puellas aquam portare.
Dicit puellas aquam portare.
Dicet puellas aquam portare.
Vir putat servos fugere.
Vir putabat servos fugere.
Vir putabit servos fugere.
Sequence of Tenses…
Time To Get Your Logic On
• The translation of the infinitive is dependent
on the tense of the main verb.
• Dixit pueros pugnavisse.
• Main verb: perfect tense
• Infinitive: perfect tense
• Perfect tense infinitive=happens before the
main verb.
• Therefore: the infinitive is translated
pluperfectly (past-past). He said that the boys
had fought.
Sequence of Tenses…
Time To Get Your Logic On
• The translation of the infinitive is dependent
on the tense of the main verb.
• Dixit pueros pugnaturos esse.
• Main verb: perfect tense
• Infinitive: future tense
• Future tense infinitive=happens after the
main verb.
• Therefore: the infinitive is translated “would”:
He said that the boys would fight.
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Try these sentences!

Dixit puellas aquam portavisse.
Dicit puellas aquam portaturas esse.
Dixit puellas aquam portare.
Vir putat servos fugisse.
Vir putabat servos fugisse.
Vir putabit servos fugituruos esse.
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invenisse
amitti
amissurus esse
invenire
amissus
amisisse
inventurus esse
inveniri
amittere
inventus esse
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to be about to lose
to have been lost
to find
to have found
to be found
to have lost
to lose
to be about to find
to be lost
to have been found