Transcript Translation tips

Translation tips
Contents:


“The”
Translation tips
Definite Article: the
The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns
when the noun is specific or particular.
The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a
particular member of a group.
For example:
 "The dog that bit me ran away."
(Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.)

"I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!"
(Here, we're talking about a particular policeman.)

"I saw the elephant at the zoo."
(Here, we're talking about a specific noun. Probably there is
only one elephant at the zoo.)
Count and Noncount Nouns
The can be used with noncount nouns, or the article can be
omitted entirely.




"I love to sail over the water" (some specific body of water).
"I love to sail over water" (any water).
"He spilled the milk all over the floor" (some specific milk, perhaps
the milk you bought earlier that day).
"He spilled milk all over the floor" (any milk).
"A/an" can be used only with count nouns.


"I need a bottle of water."
"I need a new glass of milk."
Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a water," unless you're
implying, say, a bottle of water.
Geographical use of “the”
There are some specific rules for using the with geographical
nouns.
Do not use the before:
1. names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia;
however,
the Netherlands, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines,
the United States
XThe Yangs are going to move to USA next month.
o The Yangs are going to move to the USA next month.
2. names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Taipei, Miami
3. names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
4. names of continents: Asia, Europe
5. names of lakes and bays:
Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie
except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
6. names of mountains:
Mount Everest, Mount Fuji
except with ranges of mountains like the Andes or the
Rockies or unusual names like the Matterhorn
7. names of islands: Easter Island, Maui
except with island chains like the Aleutians, the Hebrides,
or the Canary Islands
Do use the before:
1. names of rivers, oceans and seas:
the Nile, the Pacific
2. points on the globe:
the Equator, the North Pole
3. geographical areas:
the Middle East, the West
4. deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas:
the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest,
the Iberian Peninsula
Omission of Articles
Some common types of nouns that don't take an
article are:

Names of languages and nationalities:
Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian

Names of sports:
volleyball, hockey, baseball

Names of academic subjects:
mathematics, biology, history, computer science
Tips of reading long sentences
1. verb
2. Subject
3. Object
4. Clause
5. Participial phrase
6. Connector / conjunction
7. Tense / time
8. Place
9. phrase
10. author’s attitude
(modal verbs / adverbs)
11. Pronoun
12. Examples
13. Transitional words
A survey done by the University of Tokyo for
Oriental Agriculture regarding business people
revealed the following: A study involving the health
claim of 4,000 staff indicated that men who
traveled made 80% more health claims than those
who didn’t, whereas women who traveled made
only 18% more claims than those who didn’t.
A survey done by the University of Tokyo for
Oriental Agriculture regarding business people
revealed the following: A study involving the health
claim of 4,000 staff indicated that men who
traveled made 80% more health claims than those
who didn’t, whereas women who traveled made
only 18% more claims than those who didn’t.

Although most astronauts do not spend more than a few
months in space, many experience physiological problems
when they return to Earth. Some of these ailments are shortlived; others may be long lasting. More than two-thirds of all
astronauts suffer from motion sickness while traveling in
space.

In the gravity-free environment, the body cannot distinguish
up from down. The body’s internal balance system sends
confusing signals to the brain, which can result in nausea
lasting as long as a few days. A body that is deprived of
gravity also experiences changes in the distribution of bodily
fluids. More fluid than normal ends up in the face, neck, and
chest, resulting in a puffy face, bulging neck veins, and a
slightly enlarged.

Throughout the duration of a mission, astronauts’ bodies
experience some potentially dangerous disorders. One
of the most common is loss of muscle mass and bone
density. Another effect of the weightless environment is
that astronauts tend not to use the muscles they rely on
in a gravity environment, so the muscles gradually
atrophy. This, combined with the shift of fluid to the
upper body and the resulting loss of essential minerals
such as calcium, causes bones to weaken.

In addition to physiological difficulties, astronauts who
travel for extended periods may also suffer from
psychological stress. Long periods away from family and
friends can leave space travelers feeling lonely and
depressed.
Translation tips
Translation tips
Clause
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Participial phrase
verb
Infinitive
subject
adjective
adverb
preposition
place
time / tense
transition signal
Other tips
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sentence connector
Appositive
Choosing proper words
Attitude
Active or passive voice
Other grammar rules : comparative
and superlative Adj.
Practice 01
一些專家預測，極限運動將會變成
21世紀的主要運動。
1. 一些專家預測，在21世紀，極限運動將會比傳統運動更受歡迎。
V
2. Laura 發現，睡袋是背包客旅遊時必帶的物品之一。
3. 有部落格最棒的事，就是你不需要出門就可以聊天交朋友，也
可以分享故事。
4. 很難相信這本看起來很貴的書只需要50元。
5. 對我來說，在新的國家不容易教到新朋友。
6. 常常騎腳踏車不但能保持健康還可以減肥。
7. 因為污染造成全球暖化越來越嚴重，每年氣溫也
一直升高。
Practice 02
為了讓有限的能源，發揮最大的效
能，顧問團隊為規劃能源回收計畫，
也就是同時考慮水、電、空調的能源需求。
為了讓有限的能源，發揮最大的效能，顧問團隊為規劃能源
回收計畫，也就是同時考慮水、電、空調的能源需求。

For making the best and most efficient use of limited
energy, the consulting team schemes the energy
recycle plan considering the energy demands of water,
electricity, air conditioning at the same time.

The consulting team considers the energy demands of
water, electricity, air conditioning at the same time for
developing the energy recycle plan in order to make
the best use of limited energy.
Practice 03
台灣有一百六十萬名以上的十二歲以下兒童
自己承認,他們是網路使用者.此外,據說還有
很多年青人做了一些危險的行為,例如花大多
時間上網,在網路上與陌生人交友,並透露給
別人大多私人資料.
台灣有一百六十萬名以上的十二歲以下兒童自己承認,他們
是網路使用者.此外,據說還有很多年青人做了一些危險的
行為,例如花大多時間上網,在網路上與陌生人交友,並透露
給別人大多私人資料.
Over 1.6 million children under 12 in Taiwan admitted
that they are Internet users; besides, many young people
reportedly had risky behaviors such as spending too
much time online, making friends with other internet
users, giving out too much personal information.
Over 1.6 million Taiwanese children under 12 are selfproclaimed Internet users, while many youths reportedly
display risky behaviors — spending too much time
online, befriending strangers on the Internet, and giving
out too much personal information.