Transcript Active Voice vs. Passive Voice

Active Voice vs. Passive Voice
Latin I
Active Voice Verbs
• Active voice verbs are
verbs where the
subject is performing
the action:
Ex.: I am eating cake.
Active Voice Verbs (con’t)
• In the previous sentence, “I” is the subject.
“I” is who is eating the cake in the
sentence.
Here are some other examples:
I am giving a speech. Verba facio.
You were running a race. Certamen currebas.
They will carry the water. Aquam portabunt.
Passive Voice Verbs
• Passive voice verbs are verbs
in which the subject is having
the action performed upon it:
Ex.: The cookies are being eaten
by the girl.
In this sentence, the cookies are
the subject of the sentence,
but they are not performing the
action. They are what is being
eaten. The phrase “by the girl”
denotes who is doing the
eating.
Passive Voice Verbs (con’t)
• Now, here are the present tense passive
voice endings for Latin verbs:
Sing.
Plural
1st
-r
-mur
2nd
-ris
-mini
3rd
-tur
-ntur
Passive Voice Verbs (con’t)
• In order to form the present tense passive voice
forms of verbs, simply add the endings to the
present tense stem:
Porto + r = portor, I am carried
Vide + tur = videtur, it is seen
Duc + untur = ducuntur, they are led
Capi + tur = capitur, it is seized
Audi + mur = audimur, we are heard
Ablative of Personal Agent
• In order to express in Latin who is
performing the action of the passive voice
verb, you must use the preposition “a/ab”
+ ablative case:
Crustula a me eduntur. The cookies are
being eaten by me.
Imperfect Passive
The imperfect passive simply takes the
present passive endings, and adds the
letters “-ba” in front of them:
1st
2nd
3rd
Sing.
afficiebar
afficiebaris
afficiebatur
Pl.
afficiebamur
afficiebamini
afficiebantur
Future Passive (1st and 2nd conj.)
1st
2nd
3rd
Sing.
videbor
videberis
videbitur
Pl.
videbimur
videbimini
videbuntur
Future Passive (3rd conj.)
1st
2nd
3rd
Sing.
regar
regeris
regetur
Pl.
regemur
regemini
regentur
Future Passive (3rd, 3rd –io, 4th)
1st
2nd
3rd
Sing.
capiar
capieris
capietur
Pl.
capiemur
capiemini
capientur
Future Passive (3rd –io, 4th conj.)
1st
2nd
3rd
Sing.
audiar
audieris
audietur
Pl.
audiemur
audiemini
audientur
Perfect Passive Verbs
Regardless of the verb’s conjugation, you
form the perfect passive exactly the same
way.
FORMULA: 4th prin. part + present of “sum”
(p. p. p.)
Mitto, mittere, misi, missus, to send
Perfect passive participle (4th part)
Missus, -a, -um sum
Missus, -a, -um es
Missus, -a, -um est
missi, -ae, -a sumus
missi, -ae, -a estis
missi, -ae, -a sunt
English Translation of Perfect
Passive Verbs
I have been/was sent
You have been/were sent
He/she/it has been/was sent
we have been/were sent
you have been/were sent
they have been/were sent
Notice that the fourth part of the verb (i.e.,
perfect passive participle) can have either
masculine, feminine, or neuter endings,
singular or plural.
This is because it is a participle, and a
participle is a verbal adjective. In other
words, it is a verb form that can
modify/describe.
The perfect passive verb will always agree
with its subject in case, number, and
gender:
Feminae ad oppidum missae sunt.
The women were sent to the town.