Transcript punctuation - landon-mays

PUNCTUATION
How to use each mark correctly
9 COMMON PUNCTUATION MARKS
Period
.
Comma
,
Quotation
Mark
“”
Question
Mark
?
Semicolon
;
Hyphen
-
Exclamation
Mark
!
Colon
:
Apostrophe
‘
Today’s lesson will be on the comma
again.
END MARKS
Period
Question
Mark
Exclamation Mark
END MARKS
PERIOD



Declarative Sentence: Uses a period to end a sentence
that is a statement or fact.
China is a country in Asia.
Imperative Sentence: Uses a period to end a sentence
that is a direction or command.

Listen carefully to the tour guide.

Abbreviations : Mr.

Initials: R. F. Nordstrom
Mrs.
Dr.
Sgt.
Jr.
QUESTION MARK
Interrogative Sentence: Uses a
question mark when ending a sentence
with a direct question.
OR a
word.
can be used after a single
You said that the airplane landed. Where?
EXCLAMATION MARK
STRONG
EMOTION!
Urgent Command!
Move away from the fire!
Interjections!
,
COMMAS
 Compound
 Items
sentence
in a series
 Between
adjectives
 Introductory
clauses
Tuesday
Tuesday
phrases, words, and
Today
 Parenthetical
 Special
Tuesday
expressions
situations
Today
Today
REVIEW COMMAS FROM YESTERDAY
COMMAS WITH COMPOUND SENTENCE
When you have two independent clauses joined by
a FAN BOYS, you must have a comma.
F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
What
are
FAN
BOYS?
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
EXAMPLES
Marco Polo was fascinated with
China, and he took home many
souvenirs.
This is a FAN BOYS.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE
He told Italian friends
about China, but they did
not believe his stories.
LOOK FOR THE DIFFERENCES IN THESE
TWO EXAMPLES.

Polo visited cities and
farming areas.
The left side sentence only has
one subject and one verb.
Polo
visited

Polo visited cities, and
he visited farming
areas.
The right side has the subject
Polo and the subject he. This
sentence also has two verbs~
visited
COMMAS IN A SERIES

The beverages included fruit
juice, soda pop, and tea.
If you have three items listed,
you will need two commas.
SERIES OF PHRASES
(PREPOSITIONAL)

The ceramic vases
were placed on the
table, on the mantel,
and on the windowsill.
SERIES OF CLAUSES

We needed to know
where we would catch
the plane, when it
would leave, and how
much baggage we
were allowed.
COMMAS BETWEEN ADJECTIVES
2 methods


If the word and
can be placed
between the
adjectives without
changing the
meaning of the
sentence, then the
adj. are of equal
rank.
Can you switch the
order?
 You
have made a
simple, polite
request.
 Flavorful,
spicy,
nutritious soups
are common in
Chinese culture.
Can you put and where the commas are located?
COMMAS BETWEEN ADJECTIVES
2ND METHOD

Do not use commas
to separate
adjectives that must
stay in a specific
order.


I read a description of
several ancient
temples in my
guidebook.
Some colorful birds
perched on the temple
roof.
Can you put and where the commas are located?
Can you switch the order of the two adjectives?
**MAKE NOTE**
A comma should never be used to separate the
last adjective in a series from the noun it modifies.
Example:
An efficient, helpful, interesting, guide led our party.
Wrong!
An efficient, helpful, interesting guide led our party.
No comma needed here!
NEW
INFORMATION:
PAY ATTENTION
PARENTHETICAL EXPRESSION
Is a word or phrase that is NOT essential
to the rest of the sentence.
They add extra information to the sentence.
PARENTHETICAL EXPRESSION
Kinds of expressions
Nonessential expressions
Appositives Confucius, a
Chinese
thinker, taught
many.
Names of
people
Watch , Frank,
while I show
you this
invention.
Certain
adverbs
You are,
therefore, the
person I would
choose.
Phrases
Polo, leading an
expedition,
arrived in 1275.
Common
One Chinese
invention, on the
other hand,
helped sailors.
Clauses
The Mongols,
who swept into
China in the
1200’s, ruled
boldly.
Expressions
EXAMPLES
Parenthetical
Expressions



Mrs. Jones, can you
help with this
assignment?
Your answer is
incorrect, I think.
However, the address
is misplaced.
Parenthetical
Expressions

Names of people

Expression

Adverbs
SPECIAL SITUATIONS
Dates: July 12, 1957, is my mom’s
birthday.
Geographical Names: Topeka, Kansas
Salutations and closings in a letter:
Dear Sarah,
With affection,
Numbers more than 4 digits
4,875,744
WHEN USING QUOTATION MARKS
Gordon mumbled, “This is a dull movie.”
“I thought,” Lydia said, “that you liked martial arts movies.”
“It’s the third time I’ve seen this one,” Gordon said.