Transcript Directions

STATIM
• /1/ Queen Dido arrived in Africa, and a local king sold land to her.
dat.
fem.
to her
sing.
– Pronoun ___________
G _________
N ____________
C ___________
fem.
– Antecedent ___________
G
_________ N sing.
____________ Cnom.
Dido
___________
• /2/ Dido loved the new kingdom, and it was even better than
home.
it
neut.
sing.
nom.
– Pronoun ___________
N ____________
C ___________
kingdom G _________
neut.
sing.
acc.
– Antecedent ___________
___________
G _________ N ____________ C
• /3/ When theby
ships
arrived, Dido’s
life would be
him of Aeneasmasc.
sing.
abl.
changed by him.Aeneas
masc.
sing.
gen.
– Pronoun ___________ G _________ N ____________ C ___________
– Antecedent ___________
G _________ N _________ C
_____________
Relative Pronouns
• The relative pronoun is a special kind of pronoun
which is used when a speaker or author wishes to
give more information about something he or she
has mentioned.
•
• Here are four example sentences containing
relative pronouns. For each one:
– identify the relative pronoun
– identify the antecedent
– annotate the sentence
Relative Pronouns in English
• /1/ Aeneas’ wife, whom he loved, did not escape the city of
Troy alive.
whom
Aeneas’ wife
– RP ________________________
A ________________________
• /2/ Juno, who is the queen of the gods, hates the Trojans.
Juno
– RP ________________________
A ________________________
who
• /3/ The Trojan ships, which had already sailed very far, were
almost wrecked by the storm.
Trojan ships
which
– RP ________________________
A ________________________
• /4/ “I love Aeneas, but my husband who died is sacred to me.”
said Dido.
who
– RP ________________________
A ________________________
husband
Some things to note about relative pronouns:
relative pronouns ALWAYS begin a new clause
1__________________________________________________
.
2 Relative pronouns, like all pronouns, must match their
gender
antecedent in ____________________
number
__________________________
but the grammatical role they
play in their own clause determines their
case
___________________________
.
3
4
Relative pronouns are always translated as the FIRST word in
___________________________________________________
their clause, no matter what case they .are in.
______________________________
Relative pronouns are translated with the words ‘who’,
___________________________________________________
______________________________
.
‘whom’ or ‘which’.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS IN LATIN
Singular
MEMORIZE!
MEMORIZE!
RELATIVE PRONOUNS IN LATIN
Plural
1st, 2nd
1st, 2nd
3rd
1st, 2nd
3rd
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
English Translations
What is a Demonstrative Adjective?
• Demonstrative: this grammar term derives from
demonstrāre (to show, point out) and indicates words
translated as “this”, “that” and “itself”.
• Adjective: Modifies a noun and therefore matches that
gender
noun grammatically in ____________________,
number
case
____________________
and ____________________.
•
• What are the Demonstrative Adjectives in Latin?
this (sg.)/these (pl.)
• hic, haec, hoc = __________________________
that (sg.)/those (pl.)
• ille, illa, illud = __________________________
• ipse, ipsa, ipsum = __________________________
himself/herself/itself (sg.)/themselves (pl.)
hāc
hae
haec (x3)
hanc
hārum
hās
hī
hic
hīs (x6)
hoc (x2)
SINGULAR- ‘that’
hic
huius
huic
hunc
hōc
haec hoc
huius huius
huic huic
hanc hoc
hōc
hāc
hōc (x2)
hōrum (x2)
hōs
huic (x3)
huius (x3)
hunc
PLURAL- ‘those’
hae
hī
haec
hōrum hārum hōrum
hīs
hīs
hīs
haec
hōs
hās
hīs
hīs
hīs
ille, illa, illud- that (sg.), those (pl.)
ille
illīus
illī
illum
illō
illa
illīus
illī
illa
illā
illud
illīus
illī
illud
illō
illī
illōrum
illīs
illōs
illīs
illae
illārum
illīs
illās
illīs
illa
illōrum
illīs
illa
illīs
ipse, ipsa, ipsum – himself, herself, itself
ipse
ipsīus
ipsī
ipsum
ipsō
ipsa
ipsīus
ipsī
ipsam
ipsā
ipsum
ipsīus
ipsī
ipsum
ipsō
ipsae ipsa
ipsī
ipsōrum ipsārum ipsōrum
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipsōs
ipsās
ipsa
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipsīs
masc., sg., nom.
masc., sg., gen.
fem., sg., acc.
masc., sg., dat.
masc., pl., dat.
masc., pl., abl.
that captive
of that enemy
this city
to this captive
to these brothers
by these brothers
masc., sg., nom. the messenger himself
masc., pl., gen. of the enemies themselves
masc., pl., dat. to these battles
masc., pl., abl. with these battles
masc., sg., abl.
with the battle itself
Latin 2, 7/9/15
• Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify perfect
passive and present active participles
• Facite Nunc: Take out a piece of paper, write your
name at the top and COTIDIANA I
• PENSUM: Annotate and translate lines 211-213
Cotidiana I
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentences
1. Iuppiter deīs hās cūrās dīmittere dīxit.
2. crīmen quod ab illō admissum sit deī scīre cupiunt.
Cotidiana I MAKE-UP
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentences
1. rex deōrum hōs deōs suās cūrās dimittere iubet.
2. dē vindictā, quae illī data sit, deae et deī rogant.
Vocabulary
cūra, -ae f. concern, worry
dimittō, -ere, -misī, -missus to send away, dismiss
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussus to order
vindicta, -ae f. punishment
do, dare, dedī, datus to give
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus to ask
PARTICIPLES
Participles are verb forms which act as ADJECTIVES and modify and
AGREE with another noun in GNC
The two we will concentrate on are Perfect Passive and Present
Active.
Perfect Passive Formation: 4th PP of any verb (ex. amātus)
Present Active Formation**: Present Stem + nt + 3rd declension i-stem
endings (ex. amā + nt + is = amāntis)
Future Active Formation: 4th PP – us + -ūrus (ex. amātus – us + ūrus =
amātūrus)
PARTICIPLES
TRANSLATION:
• PERFECT PASSIVE (P3) cōnsul victus the
having been conquered consul; the conquered
consul
• PRESENT ACTIVE (PAP)
the conquering consul
consul vincēns
wanting  participle
Hannibal, wanting to surprise the Romans,
crossed the Alps to enter Italy.
Q: In the sentence above, is the word “wanting”
an adjective, verb, a combination of both, or
something else? Briefly justify your answer
Present Active Participle
Hannibal, wanting to cross the surprise the Romans,
crossed the Alps to enter Italy.
– Represents an action that is ONGOING with the main verb
of the sentence
• As Hannibal crossed the Alps, he was at that time continuously
wanting to surprise the Romans
– Shows PRESENT time, or time contemporaneous with the
main verb
• At the time when Hannibal crossed the Alps, he was presently
wanting to surprise the Romans
– Is ACTIVE in voice, the subject performs the action
• The subject, Hannibal, actively wants to do something
Present Active Participle
FORMATION:
Present Stem + nt + 3rd declension adjective endings
Ex. vince + nt + is = vincentis (gen. sg. m/f/n)
(‘of the conquering ______)
TRANSLATION
‘______ing’
EXCEPT Nom. Sg.  present stem (long vowel) + ns
Ex. vincē + ns = vincēns (‘the conquering ______)
‘the conquering general’
Present Active Participle
Case
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
SINGULAR
PLURAL
dux vincēns
ducēs vincentēs
ducis vincentis
ducum vincentium
ducī vincentī
Acc.
ducem vincentem
Abl.
duce vincentī/e
ducibus vincentibus
ducēs vincentēs
ducibus vincentibus
Perfect Passive Participle
FORMATION
4th PP
*Declines like a 2-1-2 adjective
TRANSLATION
‘having been _____ed’ or ‘_____ed’
Ex. dux victus (‘the general having been conquered’
or ‘the conquered general’)
‘the general having been conquered’
or ‘the conquered general’
Perfect Passive Participle
Case
Nom.
SINGULAR
PLURAL
dux victus
ducēs victī
ducis victī
ducum victōrum
Dat.
ducī victō
ducibus victīs
Acc.
ducem victum
ducēs victōs
Abl.
duce victō
Gen.
ducibus victīs
Lines 209-213
Identify the participles within this
section of text
•
•
•
•
•
'ille quidem poenās (cūram hanc dīmittite!) solvit;
PP ‘committed’
quod tamen admissum, quae sit vindicta, docēbō.
contigerat nostrās infāmia temporis aurēs;
PAP ‘wanting’
quam cupiēns falsam summō dēlābor Olympō
et deus hūmanā lustrō sub imāgine terrās.
Latin 2, 7/13/15
• Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify
independent subjunctives
• Facite Nunc: Take out a piece of paper, write your
name at the top and COTIDIANA II
• PENSUM: Annotate and translate lines 214-215
Cotidiana II
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentences
1. nōn cupiēns infamiam esse veram rex deōrum ex
Olympō descendit.
2. deī deaeque quod ā Lycaone factum nesciunt.
JUSSIVE SUBJUNCTIVES
• The jussive use of the subjunctive expresses a command or
exhortation, usually in the 1st or 3rd person
• The jussive subjunctive is an independent subjunctive,
meaning it appears in the independent clause of a sentence as
the main, and often only, verb of the sentence
• Negative jussive subjunctives are introduced by the word nē
• We translate jussive subjunctives using the words “let”, “may”
or “should”.
JUSSIVE SUBJUNCTIVES
– Dīcam dē hōc librō.
Let
• ___________
me speak about this book;
May
• ___________
I speak about this book;
• I ___________
should
speak about this book.
– Nē hoc crīmen faciant.
Let
• ___________
them not commit this crime;
May
• ___________
they not commit this crime;
• They ______________
not commit this
should
crime;
Exerceāmus!
Directions: Translate the following sentences either from Latin into
English. Double underline the jussive subjunctives in each one.
1. Itaque prō patriā etiam maiōra meliōraque
nunc faciāmus.
Therefore let us now also do greater and better things for
(our) fatherland.
OR Therefore may we now also do …
1. Nē imperātor superbus crēdat sē esse
fēlīciōrem quam virum humillum.
(imperatōr, -ōris m. emperor, ruler; fēlix, fēlīcis happy; humilis, is, -e humble)
The arrogant ruler should not believe that he is happier than
the most humble man.
OR Let the arrogant ruler not believe that….
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
• Like indirect speech, indirect questions are dependent clauses
which report a question indirectly, NOT using a direct quotation
– DIRECT – They asked, “What is Gaius doing?”
– INDIRECT – They asked what Gaius was doing.
• Indirect questions use subjunctive mood verb forms
• Indirect questions are introduced by interrogative words such as:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
quis/quī
quid
quam
quandō
cūr
ubi
unde
who
what
how
when
why
when
from where
• Subjunctive verbs in indirect questions are not translated any
differently than indicative verb forms and need no other additional
words to help translate them
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Rogant quid Gaius faciat.
They ask what Gaius
Nesciō unde veniant.
I don’t know from where
is doing
.
.
they are coming
Exerceāmus!
Directions: Translate the following sentences either from Latin
into English. Double underline the indirect question subjunctives
in each one.
1. Apollo nescit ubi Daphnē currat, sed eam
sequētur.
Apollo does not know where Daphne is running, but he will
follow her.
1. Nympha Pēnēia mīrātur cūr deus eam
celeriter insequātur.
(mīror (1) wonder; insequor (3) pursue, chase)
The nymph of Peneus wonders why the god is quickly pursuing
her.
Lines 214-215
Identify the subjunctive verb within
this section of text
how much
• longa mora est, quantum noxae sit ubīque repertum,
• ēnumerāre: minor fuit ipsa infāmia vērō.
Latin 2, 7/14/15
• Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate
lines 216-221 of Book 1 of Ovid’s
Metamorphoses
• Facite Nunc: Take out the sheet of looseleaf
with your translation and a red pen. Take out a
sheet of loosleaf for your COTIDIANA
• PENSUM: Annotate and translate lines 216-221
Cotidiana III
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentences
1. Iupiter nescit cūr hominēs tam ignobilēs sint.
2. aliquis quī deōs nōn venerat ab eīs puniat!
Latin 2, 7/15/15
• Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate
lines 221-225 of Book 1 of Ovid’s
Metamorphoses
• Facite Nunc: Take out the sheet of looseleaf
with your translation and a red pen.
• PENSUM: Nihil pensum hodie
Latin 2, 7/16/15
• Propositum: DWBAT answer summary and
content prompts in preparation for the
EXPLICATIO midterm assessment
• Facite Nunc: Take out the sheet of looseleaf to
take notes and your text and translation
• PENSUM: COTIDIANA on a summary or content
prompt on Monday
UNDERSTANDING EXPLICATIO
• Along with TRANSLATIO, EXPLICATIO forms
the core of your experience in Latin and
requires skills that you will need through the
IB level. On this exam you demonstrate your
understanding of a text you have ALREADY
PREPARED.
FIVE TYPES OF QUESTIONS
1) TRANSLATION
• At the heart of everything you are asked to do in
EXPLICATIO is translation. You need a thorough
understanding of the Latin text, which you
demonstrate in clear, idiomatic English. While it
is acceptable to review text side-by-side with
translations, memorizing prepared translations is
one of the WORST ways to study for this exam.
Because you have already seen and translated
the text, there are higher expectations for
translation in EXPLICATIO.
FIVE TYPES OF QUESTIONS
2) ANNOTATION
• Through annotation you not only provide
yourself with a map for translating a text, you
are also demonstrating an understanding of
the text.
FIVE TYPES OF QUESTIONS
3) SUMMARY
• Although summary may seem easy in
comparison with translation, appearances are
deceiving. Successful responses to these
prompts include relevant details, accurate
paraphrasing, and require you to express
knowledge of the text that surpasses mere
translation.
FIVE TYPES OF QUESTIONS
4) CONTEXT
• Prompts relating to context can take several
forms, but all require you to demonstrate
knowledge of a specific term or relationship.
Context prompts can ask you to discuss a single
word or phrase from the text; interpret a
character’s action in the narrative; or even
explain the meaning of a word or concept, relying
on background knowledge of the story or ancient
Roman culture.
FIVE TYPES OF QUESTIONS
5) LANGUAGE
• All writers make choices, selecting one word
over another and arranging words in a
particular order to create a variety of effects.
As you enter the intermediate phase of the
Latin program, your understanding of
language remains focused on vocabulary,
forms, agreement, and case usage.
Examples of Summary Prompts
1. ille … docebo (lines 209-210). What does
Jupiter promise the gods? [3 marks]
• In drafting your response, consider the value
of the question. A 3-marks prompt suggests
that your response should include THREE
details. A good rule of thumb is to paraphrase
each clause or major phrase in the lines given.
Sample Response
1. Jupiter tells the gods not to worry (‘curam hanc dimittite’)
because Lycaon has paid for his crimes (‘ille quidem poenas
… solvit’). He will explain (‘docebo’) what the evil man did
(‘quod tamen admissum’) and what his punishment was
(‘quae sit vindicta’).
• Although the prompt did not call for Latin to be cited, the
model offers an example of how to incorporate evidence
into a response. When called to cite Latin, always
paraphrase or translate and quote any Latin in single
quotation marks (‘’). Phrases like “which translates to” or
“which means” are unnecessary – simply use parentheses.
Examples of Context Prompts
1. Comment on the significance of imagine (line
213). Cite ONE detail from the Latin in your
response.
Sample Response
1. When Jupiter learns of the wickedness of men on
earth, he descends from Olympus (‘summo delabor
Olympo’) and appears “in human form” (‘humana …
sub imagine’) to investigate the bad rumors.
• The response offers details about imagine in its clause
and explains its significance by locating it in the context
of what comes before and after that specific line.
• N.B. When paraphrasing Latin text, no quotation marks
or other punctuation is necessary. In offering a direct
translation, use double quotation marks (“”).
PRACTICE –
Content and Summary Prompts
1. longa … vero (lines 213-215). What does
Jupiter find on earth? [3 marks]
2. What is the infamia referenced in line 211 and
215? Illustrate your response with at least
ONE detail from the Latin text. [3 marks]
Latin 2, 7/20/15
• Propositum: DWBAT define and translate
deponent verbs
• Facite Nunc: Take out your Ovid text. Take out a
sheet of looseleaf for your COTIDIANA
• PENSUM: Complete the translation on your
Deponent Verbs handout in full
Cotidiana IV
Directions: Respond to the following question using
your Ovid text for reference
1. summō…Olympō (line 212) Why does Jupiter
descend from Mt. Olympus? Cite at least ONE
piece of evidence in your response [3 marks]
DEPONENT VERBS
/1/advocatī Opimiī sociōs Gaiī oppugnāvērunt, quī in
urbe conveniēbant.
(conveniō, -īre, convēnī, conventus to gather, meet
Parse oppugnāvērunt: person and number 3rd plural
tense and voice perfect, active
TRANSLATION:
The supporters of Opimius attacked the allies of Gaius,
who were gathering in the city.
DEPONENT VERBS
/2/ advocatī Opimiī sociōs Gaiī aggressī sunt, quī in urbe
conveniēbant.
[aggressī sunt > to attack]
Parse aggressī sunt: person and number
tense and voice
3rd plural
perfect, passive
TRANSLATION:
The supporters of Opimius were attacked allies of Gaius,
who were gathering in the city.
DEPONENT VERB FORMS
aggredior, aggredī, aggressus sum:
to attack, approach
What is unusual about this dictionary entry?
> the verb has 3 principal parts, instead of
> the principal parts all look passive
> although the verbs look passive
, the
translation of the verb must
be active
.
4
Term 3 Vocabulary List: Midterm
3rd io
1st
3rd -io
3rd -io
1st
3rd
4th
3rd io
2nd
3rd
3rd
Deponent Verbs!
• Deponent verbs LOOK different than other verbs
3
because they have ____
principal parts instead of
4
____
passive but are
• Deponent verbs always look ______
active
translated _______ly
passive voice translations for a
• There are NO ______
deponent verbs because deponent verbs don’t
4th principal part
have a _________________.
• Make an analogy! Deponent verbs are like ….
because they look like one thing but are really the
opposite.
GAIUS’ FLIGHT
• GROUP WORK
– Take 25 minutes to translate lines 1-9
Latin 2, 7/21/15
• Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate
deponent verbs
• Facite Nunc: Take out a sheet of looseleaf for
your COTIDIANA
• PENSUM: Bring in your Ovid text, translation
and a red pen for correction
Cotidiana V
Directions: Annotate and translate the sentence below.
Double underline the deponent verb
1. amīcī Gaiī loquēbantur et promisērunt ab omnī
periculō eum servāre.
loquor, loquī, locutus sum to speak
promittō, promittere, promisī, promissus to promise
omnis, omnis, omne all, every
periculum, -ī n. danger
STATIM
Translate the following forms of deponent verbs:
I try
– conor ____________________________
to encourage, urge
– hortārī ____________________________
they spoke
– locutī sunt ____________________________
I had followed
– secutus eram ____________________________
you all (fem.) will have endured
– passae eritis ____________________________
Gaius’ Flight: Line 1
• II amīcī, fīdissimī Gaiō, Pomponius
Liciniusque, in ostiō stetērunt.
Two friends, most loyal to Gaius, Pomponius and
Licinius, stood in the doorway.
Gaius’ Flight: Lines 1-3
• Gaiō suadissimē loquēbantur et pollicitī sunt
hoc: “ē templō proficīscī poteris et ab omnī
perīculō vītam eius servābimus.”
They were speaking to Gaius most persuasively and they
promised this: “You will be able to depart from the
temple and we will protect his (your) life from every
danger.”
Gaius’ Flight: Lines 3-4
• Gaius, ab amīcīs impulsus, illōs ad ostium
secutus est, sed primum Dianam precātus
est:
Gaius, persuaded by (his) friends, followed those
(friends) to the doorway, but first he prayed to Diana:
Gaius’ Flight: Lines 4-6
• “tē precor, potēntissima dea - omnēs Rōmānī,
quī celerrimē societātem suam vertērunt et
nunc senātōrēs sequuntur et semper illīs
ferōciōribus dominīs servīre debēbunt”.
“I pray to/beg you, most powerful goddess- all (of) the
Romans who changed their alliance/allegiance most
quickly and now follow the senators always must be
slaves to those rather/too ferocious masters.”
Gaius’ Flight: Lines 6-7
• statim ē templō ēgressī sunt.
•
mox Gaius, Romā gressus, advocatōs
Opimiī, quī eum sequēbantur, vīdit.
Immediately they left the temple.
Soon Gaius, walking/having walked from Rome, saw the
supporters of Opimius, who were following him.
Gaius’ Flight: Lines 7-9
• Pomponius Liciniusque, eum servāre pollicitī,
in ponte hostēs repulsērunt dum Gaius cum
suō servō domum profectus est.
Pomponius and Licinius, having promised to protect him,
warded off (his) enemies on the bridge while Gaius set
out for (his) home with his slave.
Exerceāmus!
• Complete sentences #1-3 on pg. 2 of your
handout by annotating, parsing verbs, and
translating each sentence
• Raise your hand for a CHECK of your work
before you leave
Latin 2, 7/22/15
• Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate
indirect statement
• Facite Nunc: Take out your Ovid text,
translation, a red pen, and looseleaf for notes
• PENSUM: MIDTERM Explicātio TOMRROW
MIDTERM Explicātio
•
•
•
•
Translation (1)
Annotation (1)
Summary/Context (2)
Grammar (1 each)
–
–
–
–
–
–
Relative pronouns
Demonstrative adjectives
Participles
Indirect question
Indirect statement
Translation of indicative (4) and subjunctive (4) verbs
Direct vs. Indirect Speech
1. What is direct speech?
Direct quotations that report speech or thought in its original form
2. What is indirect speech?
The expression of speech or thought NOT in its original form, but
restated, without using quotations
3. When would an author want to use direct
speech vs. indirect speech?
DIRECT- primary source, dialogue
INDIRECT- secondary source, analysis/inference
4. In English, what word do we use to signify a
transition into indirect speech?
“that”
Direct  Indirect Speech
DIRECT4 SPEECH
1 2
3
Aeneas dīxit, “ego dūx Trōiānōrum sum.”
Aeneas said “I am the leader of the Trojans.”
1b
1. Quotation marks (“ ”) disappear
1b. Latin has no word for “that”
2. Nominative subject  Accusative
3. conjugated verb  infinitive (SAME TENSE!)
INDIRECT SPEECH
4
1 2
3
Aeneas dīxit sē dūcem Trōiānōrum esse.
Aeneas said that he was the leader of the Trojans.
1b
4. A HEAD VERB (of sensing, perceiving, understanding) indicates
that indirect speech is beginning
Ex. he said THAT…
Head Verbs
• Verbs of sensing, perceiving, or understanding
after which the word “that” naturally follows
–
–
–
–
–
I know that…
you see that…
we recognize that…
she said that…
they heard that…
• In order to have indirect speech, you MUST have
a head verb that begins it
HEAD
VERBS
cognoscere
scīre
vidēre
audīre
dīcere
respondēre
INDIRECT SPEECH: Key Features
Recall these 4 important features of indirect speech sentence
structure in Latin:
HEAD
• Indirect speech is introduced by ___________
verbs
that
• The word “___________________”
does not exist in Latin
sentences with indirect speech, so it must implied when
translating from Latin to English.
• The subject in indirect speech is in the accusative
________ case
infinitive
• The verb in indirect speech is in its ___________
mood
EXERCEĀMUS!
1. antequam Aeneas ā Karthagine navigāvit,
Didonī dīxit sē ad Italiam iter facere debēre.
debeō, debēre, debuī, debitus owe; ought; must
• Circle one:
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
– If indirect speech, what is the head verb? dīxit
– Subject accusative? sē
debēre
– Infinitive in indirect statement?
• Translation:
Before Aeneas sailed from Carthage, he said to Dido that he ought
to make a journey to Italy.
RULES FOR FORMING AND TRANSLATING THE
INFINITIVE
•
•
•
•
•
Present Active 
Present Passive 
Perfect Active 
Perfect Passive 
Future Active 
2nd PP – e + ī *
3rd PP + -sse
to be ____ed
to have ___ed
4th PP + esse to have been ___ed
4th PP – us + to be about
ūrum + esse
to/going to ____
All infinitives are neuter in gender
RELATIVE TIME
• Because there are three different tenses of infinitives, each kind of
infinitive can appear in indirect speech. Which tense of the infinitive
appears depends on what kind of RELATIVE TIME the infinitive is
showing in relation to the head verb.
• The present infinitive indicates the SAME time as that of the head
verb
– Aeneas dīcit sē urbem in Italiā condere. Aeneas says that he establishes a
city in Italy.
•
• The perfect infinitive indicates time BEFORE that of the head verb
– Aeneas dīcit sē urbem in Italiā condidisse. Aeneas says that he established
a city in Italy.
•
• The future infinitive indicates time AFTER that of the head verb
– Aeneas dīcit sē urbem in Italiā conditūrum esse. Aeneas says that he will
establish a city in Italy.
EXERCEĀMUS!
dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus – to destroy
I. Juno believes that the Trojans can be destroyed by the
Rutulians.
• Latin Infinitive: dēlērī
• Relative Time infinitive shows to head verb: SAME
II. The Trojans remember that Troy was not destroyed until
after years of war.
• Latin Infinitive: dēlētam esse
• Relative Time infinitive shows to head verb: BEFORE
III. Aeneas knows that Juno will destroy any resources they
may have in Italy.
• Latin Infinitive: dēlētūram esse
• Relative Time infinitive shows to head verb: AFTER
EXERCEĀMUS!
dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus – to destroy
IV. Aeneas recognizes that Turnus is destroying a
possible alliance between the Rutulians and Trojans.
• Latin Infinitive: dēlēre
• Relative Time infinitive shows to head verb: SAME
V. The Trojans recall that Juno and Aeolus destroyed
many of their ships on the journey to Italy.
• Latin Infinitive: dēlēvisse
• Relative Time infinitive shows to head verb: BEFORE
Ovid, Book 1.220-225
• signa dedī venisse deum, vulgusque precārī
220
I gave signs that a god had arrived, and the people had begun to pray
• coeperat: inrīdet prīmō pia vōta Lycāon,
:at first Lycaon laughs at the pious prayers, soon he says
• mox ait "experiar deus hic discrīmine apertō
“I will/let me test whether this (person) is a mortal or a god with an open
(unbiased) test
• an sit mortālis: nec erit dubitābile vērum."
:the truth will not be in doubt.”
• nocte gravem somnō necopīnā perdere morte
He prepares to kill (him) heavy with sleep at night with an unsuspecting death:
• comparat: haec illī placet experientia vērī;
this endeavor of the truth is pleasing to that (man);
225
MIDTERM Explicātio
• You have the entire recitation to complete
your exam
• If you finish early, bring your exam to the front
to turn it in and take out non-Latin related
work when you return to your seat
• If you have a question, raise your hand and I
will call you over to my desk individually
Latin 2, 7/28/15
• Propositum: DWBAT annotate and translate
Ovid 1.226-231
• Facite Nunc: Take out your handouts and a red
pen for correction
• PENSUM: Annotate and translate through line
231
Summary Sentences 1-6
• i.
obsidem ā Molossīs missum Lycāon caedet.
Lycaon will strike a hostage sent from Molossia.
• ii.
iugulum mucrōne resolvens cecīdit obsidem.
Loosening (his) throat with a sword he killed the hostage.
• iii. aquīs ferventibus partim artūs mollit...
He softens some of (his) limbs with boiling waters…
• iv. ignī subiectō, partim artūs torruit.
he roasted some (others), with a fire having been placed under (them).
• v.
hīs mensīs impositīs, Iuppiter dominī tēcta ēvertit.
After these (limbs) were placed on the tables, Jupiter destroyed the
houses of the master.
• vi. penātēs sunt dignī dominō.
The penates (household gods) are worth of (for) the master.
Summary Sentences 7-12
• vii. Lycāon ipse fugit et rūs nactus est.
Lycaon himself fled and reached the countryside.
• viii. exululans frustrā loquī conātus est.
Howling, he tried to speak in vain.
• ix. eius in ōre rabiem colligit.
He gathered (showed) a madness on his face.
• x.
cupīdine caedis in pecudēs vertitur.
He is turned into a beast with a desire of (for) slaughter.
• xi. vidēs eum sanguine gaudēre.
You see that he rejoices in blood.
• xii. in villōs vestēs mutantur, in crūra lacertī.
(His) clothing is changed into shaggy hair, (his) arms into legs.
Summary Sentences 13-18
• xiii. lupus factus est sed vestīgia formae veteris servābat:
A wolf was created but the remnants of (his) old form were preserving
(being preserved):
• xiv. eandem cānitiem, eundem crudēlem vultum, eōsdem
oculōs habēbat.
He had the same gray hair, the same cruel face, the same eyes.
• xv. ūna domus occidit sed multī domūs fuēre dignae
occidere.
One house falls but many houses were worthy to fall.
• xvi. rēgnet fera Erīnys tōtam terram!
Fierce Fury will rule the whole earth!
• xvii.
in facinus omnēs hominēs iurāvisse putēs!
You would think that all men swore in (their) crime!
• xviii.
dent omnēs hominēs poenās, quās meruēre!
Let all men give the punishments (pay the penalty), which they deserved!
Latin 2, 7/29/15
• Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate
ablative absolutes
• Facite Nunc: Take out looseleaf/paper to take
notes
• PENSUM: Annotate and translate through line
237
ignī subiectō, partim artūs torruit.
• What case is the participle in this sentence in?
ablative
________________
ignis subiectus, partim artūs (Lycaon) torruit.
• What problem do we have with the sentence
now? The sentence doesn’t make sense grammatically
because there are two subjects and a singular verb
ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE (AA)
• a phrase in the
ablative
_____________________________case
which
consists of both a
• noun and a participle . It is called an
‘absolute’ because it is ‘loosened’ or ‘released’
(absolvō, absolvere to release, free) from the
grammatical content of the rest of the
sentence, although it does relate to the rest of
the sentence contextually.
ignī subiectō, partim artūs torruit.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fire having been placed under (them), he partly roasted the limbs.
Strict/adjectival: (With)
Temporal: AFTER/WHEN/WHILE fire was placed under (them),
Relative: Fire WHICH (was) placed under (them)…
Causal: BECAUSE fire (was) placed under (them)…
Adversative: ALTHOUGH fire (was) placed under (them)…
Which translation does NOT work for Ablative
Absolutes? RELATIVE
REVIEW
• An ablative absolute is a phrase in the
_____________________
case consisting of a
ablative
participle
noun
_______________
and a ___________________
that is
grammatically ‘loosened’ from the rest of the sentence.
• Ablative absolutes typically come at the beginning
sentence
of a
• Ablative absolutes are INDEPDENT / DEPENDENT clauses
(circle one)
• Ablative absolutes can be BEST translated with temporal ,
causal , or adversative clausal translations
Exerceāmus!
ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE PRACTICE
1. exercitū victō, Mancius per noctem suōs mīlitēs
relinquit et eī ā hostibus oppugnātī sunt.
(exercitus, -ūs m.: army; relinquō, relinquere, relinquī, relictus: to abandon,
leave behind; oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus: to attack,
besiege)
– What type of participle is in the AA?
PAP / P3
– Translate the AA as a temporal clause:
After the army was defeated,
Mancius abandoned his soldiers during the night and they
were attacked by (their) enemies.
Examples of ablative absolutes
• v. hīs mensīs impositīs, Iuppiter in dominō
tēcta ēvertit.
• What is the best clausal translation for this
ablative absolute?
TEMPORAL  after, when
CAUSAL  because, since
Ovid Met. 1.226-231
•
•
•
•
•
nec contentus eō, missī dē gente Molossā
obsidis unius iugulum mucrōne resolvit
atque ita sēminecēs partim ferventibus artūs
mollit aquīs, partim subiectō torruit ignī.
quod simul inposuit mensīs, ego vindice flammā
• in dominō dignōs ēvertī tēcta penātēs;
Cotidiana II MAKE-UP
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentences
1. cupiēns aperīre vērum, Iuppiter ex Olympō in terrā
venit.
2. obsidem missum ā rure Lycaon mucrōne cecidit.
Vocabulary
cupiō, cupere, cupivī, cupitus to wish, want
aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertus to reveal, open
vērum, -ī n. truth
obsides, -is m. hostage
mittō, mitter, misī, missus to send
rus, rūris f. country(side)
mucrō, mucrōris m. sword
caedō, caedere, cecidī, caesus to kill
Cotidiana V MAKE-UP
Directions: Annotate and translate the sentence below.
Double underline the deponent verb
1. deī deaque dē crimine loquēbantur et
promisērunt fabulae quam Iuppiter dīxit audīre.
loquor, loquī, locutus sum to speak
promittō, promittere, promisī, promissus to promise
crimen, criminis n. crime
fabula, -ae f. story
Latin 2, 7/30/15
• Propositum: DWBAT decline nouns in the 4th
and 5th declension
• Facite Nunc: Take out looseleaf/paper for your
COTIDIANA
• PENSUM: Annotate and translate through line
243
Cotidiana VI
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentence. Choose the best translation for the
ablative absolute and name the clausal translation
you choose.
1. consiliō factō Lycaōn cernit sē obsidem missum dē
gente Molossā caesūrum esse.
Vocabulary
consilium, -ī n. plan
faciō, facere, fēcī, factus to make, do, create
cernō, cernere, cernī, certus to decide
obsides, obsidis m. hostage
mittō, mittere, missī, missus to send
gens, gentis f. people, tribe, race
Molossus, -a, -um Molossian
caedō, caedere, cecidī, caesus to kill, strike
4th Declension Endings
us
ūs
ūs
uum
uī
ibus
um
ūs
ū
ibus
impetus, -ūs m.
4
DECLENSION # _______
th
impetus
impetūs
impetūs
impetuum
impetuī
impetibus
impetum
impetūs
impetū
impetibus
fides, -eī f.
5th
DECLENSION # _______
fides
fidēs
fideī
fidērum
fideī
fidem
fidē
fidēbus
fidēs
fidēbus
5th Declension Endings
ēs
ēs
eī
ērum
eī
ēbus
em
ēs
ē
ēbus
Latin 2, 7/30/15
• Propositum: DWBAT review annotations and
translations for Ovid 1.226-243 in preparation
for the upcoming FINAL EXAM
• Facite Nunc: Take out looseleaf/paper for your
COTIDIANA
• PENSUM: STUDY FOR YOUR FINAL EXAM
Cotidiana VII
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentence. Choose the best translation for the
ablative absolute and name the clausal translation
you choose.
1. vultus rabieī in ōre ipsī virī colligit ubi lupus fit.
Vocabulary
vultus, vultūs m. face, appearance
rabies, rabieī f. rage, madness, fury
ōs, ōris m. face, mouth
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectus gather, collect, show
lupus, -ī m. wolf
fiō, fiēre, factus sum become
Lines 1.226-231
226.nec contentus eō, missī dē gente Molossā
Not content with this, he opened the throat of one hostage
227.obsidis unius iugulum mucrōne resolvit
sent from the people of Molossia with a sword
228.atque ita sēminecēs partim ferventibus artūs
and thus he softened some (of) the half-dead limbs with boiling waters,
229.mollit aquīs, partim subiectō torruit ignī.
he roasted some with a fire placed underneath (them).
230.quod simul inposuit mensīs, ego vindice flammā
Because at the same time as he placed (them) on the tables, I destroyed
231.in dominō dignōs ēvertī tēcta penātēs;
the houses (and) household gods worthy in (for) the(ir) master with an
avenging flame.
Lines 1.232-237
232.territus ipse fugit nactusque silentia rūris
He himself fled terrified and having reached the silences of the country
233.exululat frustrāque loquī cōnātur: ab ipsō
howls and tries to speak in vain:
234.colligit ōs rabiem solitaeque cupīdine caedis
(his) face collects a madness from itself and he is changed into a beast
235.vertitur in pecudēs et nunc quoque sanguine gaudet.
with a desire of (for) (his) accustomed slaughter and now he also rejoices in
blood.
236.in villōs abeunt vestēs, in crūra lacertī:
(his) clothing changes into hairs, (his) arms into legs:
237.fit lupus et veteris servat vestīgia formae;
He becomes a wolf and preserves traces of his old form;
Lines 1.238-243
238.cānitiēs eadem est, eadem violentia vultūs,
(His) grey hair is the same, the violence of (his) face the same,
239.idem oculī lūcent, eadem feritātis imāgō est.
(his) eyes shine the same (way), the image of (his) fierceness is the same.
240.occidit ūna domus, sed nōn domus ūna perīre
One house falls, but not (only) one house was deserving to perish:
241.digna
fuit:
quāthe
terra
fera rēgnat Erīnys.
where
the earth
is free,
wildpatet,
Fury reigns.
242.in
facinus
iūrāsse
dent
ōcius omnēs,
You would
think that
(they) putēs!
swore into
crime!
243.quās meruēre patī, (sīc stat sententia) poenās.'
Let them give all the punishments (pay the penalties), which they deserved
to endure (thus (my) opinion stands).’
Latin 2, 8/4/15
• Propositum: DWBAT answer and correct language
EXPLICĀTIO questions about Ovid 1.226-243 in
preparation for the upcoming FINAL EXAM
• Facite Nunc: Take out a handout from the front of
the room and put your name at the top. Take out
your Lycaōn Pt.2 text and translation
• PENSUM: STUDY! All remaining make-ups
administered tomorrow during R4/after school
FINAL Explicātio
•
•
•
•
Translation (2)
Annotation (1)
Summary/Context (2)
Grammar (1 each)
–
–
–
–
–
Deponent verbs
Ablative Absolute
Participles
Indirect statement
Translation of indicative (4) and subjunctive (4) verbs
Exerceāmus!
• Complete the LANGUAGE section of your
practice final EXPLICĀTIO
• When you finish, raise your hand for a check
of your work
– You may use your Vocabulary list to help you but
remember you will NOT have access to this on
your exam
Latin 2, 8/5/15
• Propositum: DWBAT answer and correct language
EXPLICĀTIO questions about Ovid 1.226-243 in
preparation for the upcoming FINAL EXAM
• Facite Nunc: Take out your Lycaōn Pt.2 text and
translation. Take out some looseleaf paper
• PENSUM: STUDY! All remaining make-ups
administered today and tomorrow during R4/after
school
Ablative Absolutes
• obside interfectō Lycaōn artūs sēminecēs
aquīs ferventibus mollit.
– Identify the ablative absolute phrase
•
obside interfectō
– Translate the phrase temporally
•
After the hostage was killed, (Lycaon softens the half-dead
limbs with boiling waters).
NOT with the hostage having been killed Lycaon softens the
half-dead limbs after/when/while boiling waters.
Indirect Statement
• in facinus iūrāvisse omnēs hominēs putat
Iuppiter
Jupiter thinks THAT all people swore into (their) crime.
• in facinus iūrāvisse omnēs hominēs putāvit
Iuppiter
Jupiter THOUGHT that all people HAD SWORN into (their) crime.
Subjunctive Verbs
• PRESENT TENSE
– She wears a diamond
• 1st conjugation: ā  ē
– Ex. amat  amet = he could/may/might love
• 2nd conjugation: ē  eā
• 3rd conjugation: i  a
• 3rd –io and 4th conjugations: i/ī  ia
Subjunctive Verbs
• IMPERFECT TENSE
– 2nd Principle part + Personal endings
• Ex. regnāre + mus = regnāremus = we
may/might/could/should have been ruling
Subjunctive Verbs
•
•
•
•
putēs you might/could/would/should/may think
regnārent they might have been ruling
dent they could give
sint they should be
Translate the following
subjunctive verbs:
•
•
•
•
•
ēvertat he could overturn
loquāmur we could speak
admitteremus we might have been admitting
colligeret he might have been collecting
fugiatis
you all could flee
PRACTICE –
Content and Summary Prompts
1. missī…ignī (lines 226-229). What does Lycaon
do to deceive Jupiter? [3 marks]
SUMMARY
3 marks = 3 details from the text
2. Explain the significance of the phrase veteris
servat vestīgia formae (line 237) [4 marks]
CONTEXT
1 mark = analysis of significance
3 marks = 3 details from the text
Cotidiana VI
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentence. Choose the best translation for the
ablative absolute and name the clausal translation
you choose.
1. rege deōrum excitante, Lycaōn cernit sē Iovem alendō
humanō corpore lusūrum esse.
Vocabulary
rex, regis m. king
excitō, excitāre, excitāvī, excitātus to awake, wake up
cernō, cernere, cernī, certus to decide
Iuppiter, Iovis m. Jupiter
ludō, ludere, lusī, lusus to mock; trick
alō, alere, aluī, alitus to feed, nourish
humanus, -a, -um human
corpus, corporis n. body; flesh
Cotidiana VII
Directions: Annotate and translate the following
sentence. Choose the best translation for the
ablative absolute and name the clausal translation
you choose.
1. ōs rabiem in vultū colligit ubi ille vir lupus fit.
Vocabulary
vultus, vultūs m. face, appearance
rabies, rabieī f. rage, madness, fury
ōs, ōris m. face, mouth
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lectus gather, collect, show
lupus, -ī m. wolf
fiō, fiēre, factus sum become