Transcript Unit 4

Unit 4 :
SCHOOL EDUCATION
SYSTEM
Language Focus
Choose the word which has different stress pattern
from the rest.
1. A . happy
B. reading
C. money
D agree
D.
2. A
A. listen
B. repeat
C. confide
D. refuse
I. Pronunciation : Stress in three - syllable words
Listen and repeat these words, then underline the stress
pattern of these words:
1. happy
2. happiness 3. unhappy 4. happily
1. Stress on penultimate syllable
- Words ending in - ic ( electric , scientific)
- Words ending in -sion -tion, -ian
( calculation, Italian, education)
2. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate =
third from end)
-Words ending in - al ( natural , industrial)
- Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy
( chemistry, primary, beautify)
Ientify the stress pattern in these words :
investigation biology economic
flexibility underpayment Canadian
*Look at these words, listen and repeat:
algebra
carefully
politics
chemistry
academic
primary
computing
cinema
compulsory
physical
statistics
September
*Practise reading these sentences.
1. The academic school year generally commences in
September.
2. The typical school day normally finishes at 3.00 p.m. in
England.
3. The national curriculum is usually set by the government.
4. The GCSE stands for the General Certificate of Secondary
Education.
5. English, Maths and Science are compulsory in the national
examination at certain stages of school education system.
GRAMMAR
Passive Voice
Structure of the sentence
Subject: Person or object that suffered/enjoyed the
results of an action.
The verb "to be" in the tense the action ocurred.
The Past Participle of the verb that represents the
action itself.
Whatever complements that verb needs.
In a few special cases we can also use by + the agent.
Structure of the verb
TENSES
EXAMPLES
Present Simple
Pigs are often used to find truffles
Present Continuous
My house is being redecorated at the moment
Present Perfect
I have never been given flowers on my birthday
Past Simple
This picture was painted by Picasso
Past Continuous
When I saw him he was being followed by the
police
Past Perfect
She was angry because she had already been told
three times
Future Simple
When you get there everything will be finished
Going to - Future
They are not going to be easily convinced
Conditional Simple
You would be punished if they found out
Conditional Perfect
If you hadn’t told them would I have been invited?
THE PASSIVE VERB
to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main
verb)
to BE gives us the tense of the action
the principal verb is always in Past Participle
ACTIVE
She
wants an ice-cream
An ice-cream
sent a letter
A letter
He
We
will buy
They
PASSIVE
a new car next week
have been cutting
grass
the
A new car
The grass
is wanted
was sent
will be bought
has been being cut
The passive sentence
Robert
ACTIVE VOICE
gave
Active
Subject
Active
Verb
Passive
Subject
Passive
Verb
a coin
Direct
Object
by
PASSIVE VOICE
was given
by
Agent
The passive sentence
Robert
ACTIVE VOICE
gave
a coin
Active
Subject
Active
Verb
Direct
Object
Passive
Subject
Passive
Verb
Direct
Object
PASSIVE VOICE
was given
to Tom
Indirect
Object
by
by
Agent
Examples
1/They built this house in 1466
2/ This house was built in 1466
1/ Channel islanders speak French & English
2/ French & English is spoken by Channel islanders
1/ This book will change your life
2/ Your life will be changed by this book
More examples
1/ They can’t answer your question
2/ Your question can’t be answered
1/ Someone had to take her to hospital after this
2/ She had to be taken to hospital after the crash
1/ They shouldn’t allow the children to do these things
2/ The children shouldn’t be allowed to do these things
1/ Someone must tell him if we want him to know
2/ He must be told if we want him to know
* Matching:
A
1. Simple present
a,
B
S +am/ is/are + pp
2. Simple past
3. Simple future
4. Present
continuous
5. Past continuous
b,
c,
d,
S + can/may/must + be + pp
S + had been + pp
S + was/were + pp
6. Present perfect
7. Past perfect
8. Modal verbs
9. Near future
f, S +am /is / are + going to be + pp
g,
S + will be + pp
i, S+ was/were + being + pp
k, S + am / is /are + being + pp
e,
S + has / have + been + pp
* How to change the active into the passive voice
Active:
Passive : S
Ex,
S
+ V
+
O
+ (be) pp + by + O
I clean the living room everyday.
-> The living room is cleanedby me everyday
* Practice:
1.Circle the word or the phrase that must be changed:
Was this room repainted by he ?
A
B
C D
D
2.Choose the best option to complete this sentence:
My classroom . . . . . . everyday
A. is cleans B. cleans C.
C is cleaned D. was cleaned
3.Choose the sentence which has the same meaning to the
root one.
Shakespeare wrote this play in 1605.
A. This play was wrote by Shakespeare in1605.
B. This play is written by Shakespeare in 1605.
C. This play were written by Shakespeare in 1605
D. This play was written by Shakespeare in 1605.
D
Exercise 1. Fill each blank with the simple present pas
form of the verb in brackets
1. The academic year in England .........................
is dividedin three
terms. ( divide )
2. Each term is
…...
…..........by a one- week break. ( separate )
separated
3. The national curriculum...........
….. by the government
is set
and must
.............................in
all state schools. ( set, must follow )
be followed
is made
4.The national curriculum ...................
of more than ten
subjects. (make up )
is paid
5. The state school system .....................
for by the state. (pay )
are selected
6. The advanced students .............................
to take part in the
annual International Olympic Competition. ( select )
Game: Lucky star
2
5
4
6
3
Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the
passive voice
Example: They built this school in 1997.
-> This school was built in 1997.
1 The students in my class are going to organize a
surprise party tomorrow evening.
A surprise party is going to be organized by the students
...................................................................................................
in my class tomorrow evening.
.......................................
2 They are painting the kitchen now.
The kitchen is being painted now.
........................................................................................
3 Shakespeare wrote “ Romeo and Juliet” in 1605 .
“Romeo
and Juliet” was written by Shakespeare in 1605.
.........................................................................................
4 They will speak English at the conference.
English will be spoken at the conference.
.......................................................................................
5 Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet.
The floor hasn’t been cleaned by Jane yet.
.....................................................................................
Exercise 3. Fill in the space of the following passage with the correct
tense in passive voice of the verbs in brackets.
The world’s first electric computer . . was
. . . built
. . . .(1.build) by the
University of Pennsylvania in 1946. However, computers …were
… …sold
.....
. . (2. sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s. Much progress
on computers have
. . . . been
. . . . made
. . . . (3. make) since 1950. Computers are
now much smaller and more powerful and they .can
. . be
. . .bought
.…… (4. can
buy) much more cheaply.
are .used
Computers ….
. . . (5.use) in many fields- in business, science,
medicine, and education, for example. They can
. . . be
. . used
. . . (6 can use) to
forecast the weather or to control robots which make cars. The
computer’s memory is the place where information . is
. .stored
. . . . . (7. store)
are .done
and calculations …..
. . . (8. do). A computer can not think for itselfit must
. . . . . be
. . told
. . (9. must tell) exactly what to do. A lot of difficult
calculations can
. . .be
. . .done
. . . (10. can do) very quickly on computers.
- Review the passive voice.
- Prepare vocabublary for Unit 5.
Goodbye
!