Transcript Intro to Level 3 and 4 Sentence Analysis

Intro to Level 3 and 4
Sentence Analysis
Level
1=Identify parts of speech
Level
2=Identify parts of sentence
Level
3=Identify phrases
Level
4=Identify clauses
Phrases
A
group of words without a subject&-predicate
A
groups of words that acts like a
single part of speech.
1. Appositive Phrase
An
interrupting definition.
Re-defines
or explains a noun.
Appostives
or appositive phrases are
nouns.
It
is put (pos) beside (ap) the noun.
Appositive Phrase
Appositives are NONessential phrases, set off with
commas:
A
jerkline skinner, Slim is admired by all for his skill
with large teams of horses.
 Lennie,
a large man, has the mind of a child.
 George,
a caring friend, warns Lennie to stay away
from dangerous people on the farm.
Appositive Phrase
Lennie
and George dream of owning
their own place, a farm.
Curley,
the boss’s son, picks a fight
with Lennie.
Prepositional Phrase
 Begins
with a preposition and concludes with its
object (always a noun/pronoun.)
 “pp”s
 He
I
are always adverbial or adjectival.
ran down the road.
love the river by my grandma’s house.
“pp”s show TIME, SPACE, or DIRECTION!
A “pp” always modifies in a way that shows:

time (adverbial phrase answering the question “when?”)

space (adverbial or adjectival, answering the question “where?” or “which
one?”)

direction (adverbial or adjectival, answering the question “where?/ how?”
or “which one?”)
Prepositional Phrase
What else should I know about “pp”s?
*Review the list of prepositions to help
identify prepositional phrases.
*If the “pp” modifies a noun, make sure to
place it next to that noun or you will have a
misplaced modifier= CONFUSED MEANING!
Prepositional Phrase
I
read the note in the boat from Adam.
(MISPLACED “pp” = CONFUSED MEANING!)
It sounds like Adam gave you the boat, when
actually …
I
read the note from Adam in the boat.
(Correct word order = CORRECT MEANING)
Prepositional Phrase
If
the object of the preposition is a
pronoun, it must take the object
form.
The
letter is for him and me.
She
and I went with you and him.
3. Verbals

A “verb form” used as a different part of speech. WARNING: VERBALS are
posers! They look verby but aren’t verbs.
1. Gerund (phrases) (verb + ing , acts as noun)
2. Participial (phrases) (verb+-ing, -en, -t, or -ed
acts as adj.)
3. Infinitive (phrases) (“to + verb,” acts as noun or modifier: adj or adverb)
ALL OF THE ABOVE MAY BE SINGLE-WORD VERBALS!
3.a. Gerund (phrases)
A
verb + ing that ALWAYS starts a noun phrase or acts as a
noun:
 Running
 The
around the school is fun.
thing that make me happy is doing my homework.
 Seeing
Mrs. Santa Claus puts a smile on my face.
 Sailing
is a great water sport.
 (Single-word
gerunds are nouns; they are not marked on L3.)
3.b. Participial phrases
verb+
-ing ,-ed, -t, or -en
Always
They
act as an adjective
must be placed next to noun they modify!
(Single-word
participles are adjectives; they are
not marked on L3.)
Participial phrases
Taking
out the garbage, Neil
encountered a rat.
Scratching
his head, Atticus squinted at
the letter through broken glasses. (This
single-word participle is NOT a participial phrase)
Elvis,
exhausted from work, plopped
onto his couch.
3.c. Infinitive Phrases
 To
+ a verb used as noun, adj. or adverb.
 To
run in the sun is fun. (L1, n.; L2, S)
 She
loves to smile. (L1, n; L2, PN)
 The
show to watch after the news is The Daily Show. (L1,
adj.)
 Which
one of these examples would not be marked on L3?
LET’s PRACTICE!
Complete this chart
The verbal (or verbal
phrase)
“LOOKS LIKE” this…
The verbal (or verbal
phrase)
“ACTS LIKE” this …
Gerund
VERB + _______
NOUN
Participle
VERB + ing, ___, en, or
___
ADJECTIVE
Infinitive
____ + VERB
NOUN, _____, or _____
Practice #2: Use your chart to identify the verbals and
verbal phrases in these sentences, which you will find
in the Grammar folder of Schoology!

1. Without trying, the talented volleyball player showed her 27-inch vertical!

2. Whipping her beautiful tresses around, Julia exhibited her flirtatious nature.

3. I find eating is far superior to sleeping though many would argue with my
biased Italian logic!

4. Never again will I try to drive all night without sleeping.

5. Between the couch cushions I found a quarter, some old burnt toast, and my
favorite journaling pen.