Transcript Direct Object Pronouns - Las clases del Sr. Mullins

Direct Object Pronouns
The Spanish Way
What are direct objects?
• Direct objects receive the action of the verb.
• Examples
– John sold the car.
– Mark ate the fish.
– Sarah studied Spanish.
Ask what was sold,
what was eaten, and
what was studied. The
answer tells us what
received the action of
the verb. The answer
identifies the direct
object.
What can be a Direct Object
• The direct object can be a person or a thing.
– Person
• Juan took María to the restaurant.
– Thing
• He washed the shirt.
It doesn’t matter if the direct
object is a person or a thing, it
can be replaced with a pronoun.
Direct object pronouns help us
be less repetitive in our speech.
They allow us to communicate
in the most direct and
comprehensible manner.
Let’s look at some direct object
pronouns.
Notice how we
– John sold the car.
replaced the word
– How much did he sell it for? “car” with the word
“it.” “It is an example
– He sold it for $2,000.
of a direct object
pronoun.
The English Direct Object Pronouns
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
In English, we use these pronouns
to replace the direct object.
“I bought the shirts” becomes “I
bought them.”
“I took John to the mall” becomes “I
took him to the mall”
Shirts becomes them and John
becomes him. The process will be
similar in Spanish.
The Direct Object Pronouns
• In Spanish, like English, the
words “me,” “te” and “nos”
always refer to people.
– Ella me llevó. She took me.
– Te esperamos. We waited for
you.
• “Lo,” “la,” “los,” and “las” can
refer to both things and
people. These pronouns must
match in gender and number
the nouns they replace.
Spanish Direct Object Pronouns
Me
Te
Lo
La
Nos
Vos
Los
Las
DO Pronouns Referring to Things
• “Lo” and “la” have two meanings, “it” and
“him/her.” Let’s look at when they mean “it.”
• First, an object rather than a person is the
direct object. An example might be “She
wrote the story.” Ella escribió el cuento.
• The story / El cuento is the direct object.
• “El cuento” is a masculine, singular noun, so
we will need to choose a masculine, singular
pronoun to replace it. The singular pronouns
that mean “it” are “lo” and “la.”
• The masculine form is “lo” so that is the
pronoun we need to select.
– Ella escribió el cuento.
– ¿Cuándo lo escribió?
– Lo escribió la semana pasada.
Examples with nouns and pronouns
• Juan hizo el pastel ayer.
– Juan lo hizo ayer.
• María manejó el camión.
– María lo manejó.
• La chica pagó la cuenta.
– La chica la pagó.
Notice how the
pronoun
matches the
gender and
number the
noun being
replaced.
Using DO Pronouns to refer to people.
• It is more difficult to identify the correct direct
object pronoun when it refers to a person.
You must look at who the verb acts upon
rather than how the verb is conjugated.
• As this is sometimes confusing, let’s practice.
Fill in the blank with the correct DO Pronoun.
– ¿Por qué no tomaste el autobús a la escuela?
– Porque mi padre no ____ despertó a tiempo.
• In this dialogue, to identify the direct object
we must look at the verb, despertó (woke up)
and ask who was not woken up on time? In
the conversation, the speaker is saying my
father didn’t wake me up on time. So we fill in
the blank with the Spanish word “me.”
—¿Por qué no tomaste el autobús a la escuela?
—Porque mi padre no _me_ despertó a tiempo.
• Más práctica.
– ¿Juan y Marta fueron a la fiesta?
– Sí. Tony ya ____ llevó.
– ¿Y Mateo ya salió?
– No, él te espera. Tú vas a llevar___.
– ¿Juan y Marta fueron a la fiesta?
– Sí. Tony ya _los_ llevó.
– ¿Y Mateo ya salió?
– No, él te espera. Tú vas a llevarlo _.
Where are the pronouns placed?
• All objective case pronouns—direct object,
indirect object, and reflexive pronouns—are
placed as follows:
– In front of a conjugated verb. Juan me llevó.
– After and attached to an infinitive. ¿Puedes llevarme?
• Beginning students usually only learn these two
placements. Second year students and beyond
should pay attention to the next slides.
Progressive forms and the Placement
of DO Pronoun
– The pronoun is placed after and attached to a
progressive form. Estoy llevándolos.
• I am taking them.
• Notice that the progressive forms require an
accent. The accent is placed on the “a” of
ando and the “e” of iendo.
Affirmative Commands and the
Placement of DO Pronouns
– The DO pronoun is placed after and attached to an
affirmative command. Encuéntrala ahora.
• Find her now.
• Affirmative commands may require an accent
mark. If the command has two or more
syllables you must place an accent mark on
the second the last syllable of the command.
– Háblame
—dime
— cómprala.
Review
Me = me Nos = us
Te = you Vos* =
you
Lo = him / Los =
it
them
La = her / Las =
it
them
* Form is used only in Spain
• Identify who or what
the verb acts upon and
choose the appropriate
pronoun.
• Make sure the pronoun
matches in number and
gender with the noun it
replaces.
Review placement
• Place the pronoun in front of conjugated verbs.
• Place the pronoun after and attached to
infinitives, progressive forms, and affirmative
commands.
• Add accents to all progressive forms and
affirmative commands with two or more
syllables.
Now all that is left is . . .
• Practice
• Practice
• Practice
• And practice some more.