Transcript (b).
02 Modul ke: Fakultas FAKULTAS EKONOMI dan BISNIS Program Studi Program Studi Akutansi The MODULE 2 concerns the aspects of English non-ing forms. It is essential to understand that not all English Verbs have the –ing ending. UNDERSTANDING and USING ENGLISH GRAMMAR Page 7 - 12 3 Page : 13 - 18 4 1-9 NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS NONPROGRESSIVE (a)Ali knows this grammar Some verb are nonprogressive: they are not used in any of the progressive tenses. These verb describe states (i.e., conditions that exist); they do not describe activities that are in progress. In (a): “Ali knows” describe a mental state that exists. PROGRESSIVE (a)Kim is reading about this grammar COMPARE: in (b)”kim is reading” is an activity in progress. Progressive tenses can be used with the verb read but not with the verb know. COMMON NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS (1) MENTAL STATE (1) EMOSIONAL STATE (1) POSSESSION (1) SENSE PERCEPTIION (1) OTHER EXISTING STATES know Realize Understand Recognize love like appreiciate believe feel suppose think* imagine doubt remember forget want need prefer mean hate dislike fear envy mind care possess have* own belong taste smell* hear feel* see* cost owe weigh* be* exist seem look* appear* consit of contain 5 • • • • • • • • • • examples : NONPROGRESSIVE(existing state) Think I think he is kind man Have he has a car Taste this food tastes good Smell these flowers smeel good See I see a butterfly. Do you see it? Feel the cat’s fur feels soft Look she looks cold. I’ll lend her my coat Appear he appear to be asleep Weigh a piano is heavy. It weaght a lot Be I am hungry PROGGRESSIVE(activity in progress) I am thiking about this grammer I am having trouble. She is having a good time the chef is tasting the sauce don is smelling hthe roses The doctor is seeing a patiant sue is feeling the cat’s fur I am looking out the window the actor is appearing on the stage the grocer is weighing the bananas tom is being foolish** **COMPARE • Bob is foolish.= foolishness is one is bob’s usual characteristics. • Tom is being foolish.= right now, at the moment of speaking.tom is doing something thet speaker considers foolish. • The verb be (+ an adjective) is used in the progressive to describe a temporary charadteristic. Very few adjectives are used with be in the progressive; some of the common are : foolish, nice, kind, lazy,careful, patient,silly,rude,polite,impolite 6 EXECISE 12 : Use either the SIMPLE PRESENT or the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE the verbs parentheses 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. I can’t afford thet ring. It (cost) costs too much. Look. It (begin) is begining to rain. Unfornunately, I (have not*) haven't my umbrella with me. Tom is lucky. He (wear) is wearing raincoat. I (own, not) don't own an umbrella. I (wear) am wearing a waterproof hat on rainy days. Right now I (look) am looking around the classroom. Yoko (write) is writing In her book. Carlod (beat) is beating his pencil. Wan-Ning (scratch) is scratching his haed. Ahmed (stare) is straring Out the window. He (seem) seems To be daydreaming. But perhaps he (think) is thinking Hard about verb tenses. What (think, you) do you think Ahmed (do) is doing? There’s a book on my desk, but it (belong,not) doesn’t belong to me. Dennis (fix) is fixing the roof of his house today, and he (need) needs some help. Can you help him. Barbara (tutor, often) often tutors other students in her math class. This afternoon she (help) helps Steve with his math assignment because he (understand, not) not understand the material they (work) works on in their class this week. 7 8. Right now I (look) am looking at Janet. She (look) looks Angry. I wonder what’s the metter. She (have) has a frown on her face. She certainly (have, not) don’t having any fun right now. A: Who is that women who (stand) standing next to the window? B: which women (talk, you) you talking about the women who (wear) wearing the blue and gold dress? A: No, I (talk, not) don’t talking about her. I (mean) mean The women who (wear) wearing the blue suit. B: oh, I (know, not) don’t know . I (recognize, not) don’t recognize her. A: Close yor eyes. Now listen carefully. What (hear, you) are you hearing ? What (do, I) do I ? B: I (belive) believe you (rub) rub the top of your desk with your hand. A: Close, but not exactly right. try again. (listen, you) are you listen Carefully? B: Aha! You (rub) are rubing your hands together. A: Right! 8 EXERCISE 13 – WRITTEN: go to aplece where there are many people ( or imagine yourself to be in such a plece). Describe the activities you observe. Lets youe raeder see what you see; draw a “picture” by using word. Use present tenses. Begin your writing with a description of your own immediate activities; e.g , I am sitting on a bench at the zoo. 1 – 10 USING THE PRESENT PROGSSIVE WITH ALWAYS (a) Mary always leaves for school at 7:45 In sentences referring to present time, usually the simple present is used with always to describe habitual or everyday activities, a in (a) (a) Mary is always leaving dirty socks on the for me to pick up! Who does she think I am? Her maid? (b) I am always/forever/constantly picking up Mary’s dirty socks! In special circumstances, a speaker my used the present progressive with always to complain. i.e , express annoyance or anger, as in (b).* In addition to always, the words forever and constandly are used with the present progressive to express annoyance. 9 *COMPARE: “Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the flour” expresses annoyance. “Mary always leave her dirty socks on the flour” is a statement of the which the speaker is not necessarily expressing an attitude of annoyance. Annoyance may, however, be included in the speaker’s tone of voice. fact un EXERCISE 14 – ORAL : Assume you have roammate named jack who has many bad habits. These bad habits annoy you. Pretend you are speaking to a friend and comlaining about jack. Use thw present progressive. Use always, costandly, or forever in each sentence. Say your sentence aloud with some annoyance, impatience, or anger in your voice. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. He messes up the kitchen. he’s always mesing up the kitchen! He leaves his dirty dishes on the table. He's always leaving his dirty dishes on the table He borrows my clothes without asking me he's always borrows my clothes without asking me He brags about himself he's always braging about himself He tries to show me that he’s smarter than I He's always trying to show me that He's smarter than I He cracks his knuckles while I’m trying to study. He's always cracking his knuckles while I'm trying to study I like fresh air and like to have the windows open, but he closes the windows. I'm always like fresing air and like to having the window open, but he's always closing the windows. Complite the following with your own word. A: i really don’t know if I can stand to have sue for a roommate one more day. She’s driving me crazy. B: oh? What’s wrong? A: well, for one thing she’salways ............................................ B: really? A: and not only that. She’s forever .......................................... B: that must be very inconvenient for you. A: it is. And what’s more, she’s constantly ....................................................... Can you believe that? And she’s always ..................................................... B: i think tou’re right. You need to find a new roommate. 10 1 – 11 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS REGULAR VERBS: the simple past and past participle end in –ed SIMPLE SIMPLE PAST PRESENT FORM PAST PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE Hope hoped hoped hoping Stop stopped stopped stopping Listen listened listened listening Study studied studied studying start started started starting English verbs have four pricipal parts: (1) Simple form (2) Simple past (3) Past participle (4) Present participle IRREGULAR VERBS: the simple past and past participle do not end in –ed SIMPLE SIMPLE PAST PRESENT FORM PAST PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE Break broke broken breaking Come came come coming Find found found finding Hit hit hit hitting swim swam swum swimming Some verbs irregularpast forms. Most of the irregular verbs in english are given in the follwing alphabetical list 11 AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS SIMPLE SIMPLE FORM PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE Arise arose Be was,were Bear bore Beat beat Become became Begin began Bend bent Bet bet Bid bid Bind bound Bite bit Bleed bled Blow blew Break broke Breed bred Bring brounght Broudcastbroudcast Build built Burst burst Buy bought arisen been borne/born beaten/beat become begun bent bet* bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broudcast built burst bought Forbid Forecast Forget Forgive Forsake Freeze Get Give Go Grind Grow Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt Keep Know forbade forbidden forecastforecast forgot forgotten forgave forgiven forsook forsaken froze frozen got gotten* gave given went gone ground ground grew grown hung hung had had heard heard hid hidden hit hit held held hurt hurt kept kept knew known 12 SIMPLE SIMPLE FORM PAST Cast Catch Choose Cling Come Cost Creep Cut Deal Dig Do Draw Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Fit Flee Fling Fly cast caught chose clung camo cost crept cut dealt dug did drew ate fell fed felt fought found fit fled flung flew PAST PARTICIPLE cast caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug done drawn eaten fallen fed felt fought found fit* fled flung flown SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE Lay Lead Leave Lend Let Lue Light Lose Make Mean Meet Mislay Mistake Pay Put Quit Read Rid Ride Ring Rise Run laid laid led led left left lent lent let let lay lain lit/lightedlit/lighted lost lost made made meant meant met met mislaid mislaid mistook mistaken paid paid put put quit quit* read read rid rid rode ridden rang rung rose risen ran run 13 THANK YOU 14 Terima Kasih Yudi Anjangsana, Drs. SE. MM.