Transcript File - CORE Academy

Grammar Warm-ups
Noun
• Person, place, thing or idea
• Example: Tom, New York, book, freedom
Practice: Underline the nouns
1. Penny took her mom to Six Flags.
2. Love is the most important thing of all.
3. My dad has the coolest car ever.
Pronouns
• Take the place of Nouns
• Example: She, he, it, they, ect.
• Practice: Underline the nouns, and put a
squiggly line under the pronouns in each
sentence.
1. My mother says she loves shoes.
2. I don’t feel well. My stomach hurts, it feels like
someone has stepped on it.
Proper Noun
• The SPECIFIC name of a person, place, or
thing. It can be acted upon and is capitalized.
A proper noun may be a single word, a group
of words (with or without abbreviations), or a
hyphenated word.
Examples:
– Josh was honored
– at U.S. Memorial Auditorium
– with the Smith-Lee Award.
person
place
thing
Review
• Underline the nouns, and squiggly underline
the pronouns.
1. Freedom is the only thing on earth worth
fighting for. I would gladly die for it.
2. Nothing is for sure except death and taxes.
3. What time is your flight to Arizona.
4. Did you vote for Obama for president? He was
my first choice.
Adjectives
• Words that describe nouns.
• Example: Brown bear, bright light,
never-ending story, cruise ship, Victorian
mansion, three bears.
Adjectives
• Practice: Underline the Nouns/pronouns,
circle the verbs, and place a box around the
adjectives
1. My house is large and beautiful.
2. The small, brown-eyed girl looked straight up at
me.
3. The whirling wind turned and roared at the
fragile plants below.
4. A large group of people showed up to my
birthday party.
•
Practice
Underline the Nouns and pronouns, and
place a box around the adjectives.
1. The young child was quickly taken from her
parents.
2. The hot crispy fries made my mouth water.
3. The girl was beautiful, always dressed in
elegant gowns.
4. My little sister always wears her pink
barrette.
Verbs
• Two Kinds
– Action
• Run, walk, think, sit, ect.
– Linking: connecting words
• Is, are, was, were, be, being, has been
• Practice: circle the verbs, label them AV or LV
1. My mother is very picky when she eats out.
2. My father was being watched by spies.
3. We are going to walk up to the creek after
school.
Review
• Practice: Underline the Nouns and pronouns.
Place a box around the adjectives. Circle the
verbs, and label them LV or AV.
– Ex: I hate running laps, but the coach insists that it will
make me a better player.
1. It is hard to keep my notes neat.
2. I will be here tomorrow after school.
3. Lucy and Rachel are going to sing at the spring
concert.
4. It is important to honor the many soldiers that
fought for our independence.
5. My brother is annoying; he always picks on me.
Review
• Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the
verbs, and place a box around the adjectives.
1. As the night went on, I stood staring up at the
brilliant sky.
2. It was chilly out, and my foggy breath felt warm
against my freezing hands.
3. They shook terribly, but I did not care.
4. No amount of cold could drive me away from
the shimmering stars in the night sky.
Review
• Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the
verbs, and place a box around the adjectives.
1. I never felt safe in that all-too-quiet house.
2. I wanted to go to the public library for their
drama celebration.
3. My hard-headed father should have listened
when I told him that the ladder was too weak to
support his weight.
Review
Nouns
adjectives
Verbs
sentence
1. Girls, books
Smart, heavy
carried
The smart girls carried their heavy
books.
2.
3.
Adverbs
• Three types:
1. They describe Verbs
a) The man danced beautifully.
b) The sky darkened quickly..
c) She sang loudly
2. They describe adjectives
a) Light green eyes
b) Very large penguin
3. They describe when
-yesterday, tomorrow, now, later, etc.
Adverbs
• Place a triangle around the adverbs.
1. The winner ran triumphantly around the stage.
2. He was more handsome than last year.
3. I want to see the beautifully lit gardens
tomorrow.
4. She was too short for the ride.
5. He quietly sat, hoping that the night would
quickly end.
Review
• Underline the nouns, Circle the verbs, place a
square around the adjectives, and place a
triangle around the adverbs.
1. The mother nervously wondered how she would
pay her bills later that month.
2. The meal had hardly started before the lady had
had too much of their company.
3. The girl’s pale white cheeks turned a deep red.
Review
• Underline nouns, circle verbs, box adjectives,
and triangle adverbs
1. The storm angrily blew all night.
2. The two girls were very quiet indeed.
3. My lungs ached and burned, but I stubbornly
refused to quit the mile run.
4. The frightened rabbit desperately struggled
against the dogs vicious teeth, but to no
avail.
Parts of speech
• A word can be an N, V, Adj, and an Adv.
• They change when word endings change
(suffixes) or when how we use them in the
sentence changes.
• Examples: Love
1. I love you. (V)
2. There is no greater gift than love. (N)
3. He is so lovable. (Adj)
4. He held her lovingly. (Adv)
Practice:
• Label what part of speech the underlined word is
in each sentence.
1. My brother is so helpful.
2. Can you help me with this problem?
3. She is running for secretary.
4. That runner is sure fast.
5. She spoke softly in class.
6. The rain felt soft against her skin.
7. She looked adoringly at her husband.
8. Aren’t these puppies adorable?
Review
The dark brown suitcase sat precariously
halfway off the ledge.
1. ________ is a noun because…
2. ________ is an adjective because…
3. ________ is a verb because…
4. ________ is an adverb because…
Preposition
• a word that shows some relationship or
position between a noun and its object.
• Example:
• To, of, in, on, over, above, below, beneath,
through, next to, before, after, inside,
between…etc.
Your Turn
Circle the prepositions in each of the
following sentences:
1. The girl wrote to her father.
2. After the ceremony is over, I plan on taking
the subway through Manhattan.
3. Leslie is always in the front of the line.
Conjunctions
• A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses
together
• Example: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
so)
Practice
• Circle and label all the prepositions and
conjunctions
1. I plan on playing both the Violin and the cello
at the concert.
2. Would you rather watch the game or be
playing in it?
3. I started to get sea sick, so I went below deck.
Practice 2
• Circle and label all the prepositions and
conjunctions
1. After the party is over, I want to go to the
end of the pier and jump in.
2. I do not wish to sit beside Betsy, nor do I
want to be placed behind Alex.
3. I want to bake cookies so I can thank my TA’s
for stacking books on my shelves and grading
papers.
Complete Sentence
A complete sentence is made up of 3 things:
1.The subject (Noun(s) doing the action)
2.The predicate (Main verb(s)/action)
3.A complete thought
Example:
The three boys ran to the school bus.
Subject Predicate
Explain if the sentence is missing the
subject, predicate, or complete
thought. Write complete if it’s good.
1. The old decaying house. 1. Missing predicate
2. Ran further than anyone could have possibly
imagined.
3. After Susan was finished with her homework.
4. Praying and weeping their case.
5. My poor old dog died last week.
6. Far out into the sea, the angry grey birds.
7. During my Dad’s practice band session.
Explain if the sentence is missing the
subject, predicate, or complete
thought. Write complete if it’s good.
1. The old decaying house. Missing Predicate
2. Ran further than anyone could have possibly
imagined. Missing Subject
3. After Susan was finished with her homework.
Missing complete thought
1. Praying and weeping their case. Missing subject
2. My poor old dog died last week. Complete
3. Far out into the sea, the angry grey birds. Missing
predicate
4. During my Dad’s practice band session. Missing
complete thought
Review 1:
• Label the subject and predicate in each
sentence. If it is missing a subject or
predicate, rewrite the sentence so it is correct.
1. The tree grew out of the cemetery plot.
2. The over-sized angry Rottweiler.
3. The music was played by the musicians.
4. Created the most beautiful picture I have
ever seen.
5. Susan played tackle football last night.
Review 2
• Label the subject and predicate… correct the
sentence if anything is missing.
1. Over the steep embankment.
2. My mother said there’d be days like this.
3. Sprinting and frolicking through the trees.
4. The house around the corner was built by
Lowes.
5. The rich old miserly man with grey whiskers.
Review # 3
• Label the subject and predicate… correct the
sentence if anything is missing.
1. The music was played by the soloist.
2. After school, the entire football team.
3. Happily ran down the street.
4. Ever since I left college.
5. Reading all the news and sports columns.
6. The feather was blown in the wind.
Review # 4
• Label the subject and predicate… correct the
sentence if anything is missing.
1. Before I finish baking.
2. The girl smiled sweetly.
3. The crooked old house with titled windows.
4. The letter was written by Mary.
5. Blissfully enjoying the summer’s evening.
Simple Sentences
• A simple sentence has one independent
clause (Contains only one subject, one
predicate and one complete thought).
Example- Mary washed the dishes.
-The dogs and cats played outside.
-The car whirled and spun out of
control.
Types of sentences
• A declarative sentence makes a statement and
has a period as ending punctuation.
– Example: Joanna went shopping at the mall.
• An interrogative sentence asks a question and
has a question mark as ending punctuation.
– Example: Would you mind cooking your own
dinner tonight?
Types of sentences continued
• An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a
request and has a period as ending punctuation.
– Examples: Don’t tell me what to do. Command
– Mother, sing a song for us.
Request
• An exclamatory sentence expresses surprise or
strong emotions and has an exclamation point as
ending punctuation.
– Example: I can’t believe you said that!
Compound sentences
• A compound sentence has two or more
independent clauses (complete sentences),
joined together by a comma and a
conjunction.
– Example: Ken asked his teacher for his homework,
but he didn’t follow her advice.
Complex Sentences
• Definition: A complex sentence has an independent
clause and at least one dependent clause.
• An independent clause means that there is a subject
and a predicate that expresses a complete thought.
(Can stand by itself as a complete sentence)
• A dependent (subordinate) clause means that there
is a subject and a verb that does not express a
complete thought. (Can’t stand alone as a complete
sentence)
– Example: Ty completed all his chores (independent clause)
+ after eating his lunch (dependant clause)
Compound-complex sentence
• Definition: A compound-complex sentence
has two or more independent clauses and at
least one dependent (subordinate) clause
– Example: After eating his lunch (dependent
clause) + Ty completed all his chores (independent
clause) + and he read the newspaper
(independent clause) = After eating his lunch, Ty
completed all his chores and he read the
newspaper.
Sentence fragments
• A sentence fragment is only part of a
complete sentence. It does not express a
complete thought.
Run-On Sentences
• A sentence run-on has two or more
independent clauses connected together as if
they were one sentence.
Pronoun-Base Form Verb Agreement
• It is important that you use the correct verb forms
when writing. The verb forms will depend on the
nouns or pronouns used in the sentence.
– Examples:
– I smile often. First person singular
– She smiles often.
Third person singular (adds
s)
– She should smile more often. After “do” and modals
– To smile often is preferred.
Infinitive
Present Participle
• The present participle adds a “to be” verb is,
am, are, was, were, be, being, been + __ing.
• The present participle takes the present
progressive form to show continuous action.
•
Example: is + __ing is hiking Matt is
hiking the Appalachian Trail.
Active Voice
1. Start with Subject
2. Then Predicate
3. No linking Verbs (is, are, have, has, be, been,
were, am)
Passive: The ball was thrown by Jim.
Active: Jim Threw the ball.
Active Voice
1. Starts with Subject
2. Then Predicate
3. No linking verbs (is, are, am, be, being, have,
has, were, was)
Incorrect: The ball was thrown by Jim
LV Predicate Subject
Correct: Jim threw the ball
Practice 1
Directions: Change the passive sentences to active
ones. Label the subject and predicate.
1. The girls were asked to leave by the principal.
2. The house was constructed by my father’s
company.
3. Mom cooked dinner last night.
4. The lawn was watered by the sprinkler.
5. The light is shining brightly.
6. The house sat on the shady side of the hill.
7. He has acted foolishly tonight.
Practice # 2
Change these sentences to active ones
1. The experiment was conducted by the
scientist.
2. The mountain was sat on by the lake.
3. The lake was fished on by the men.
4. The girl’s dress was glistening beautifully.
5. The books were sitting on the edge.
Active Voice
• Subject then predicate, no linking verbs
• If the subject is missing, you must add one
• Example:
Incorrect: The music was beautifully played.
– No subject… it never says WHO played it
Correct: The band played the music beautifully.
Practice # 3
Change sentences into active voice:
add subjects if necessary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The girl was invited to the party by Stacy.
The board game was played.
The room was looking dull and shabby.
The car was driven too fast.
The lights were turned off by Tim.
Quick write- For each Phrase explain if you
agree and why or why not.
1. When I become a parent, I will spy on my
teenaged son or daughter to find out what he
or she is doing.
2. The Internet can be a dangerous place.
3. I know of friends who have chatted online
with people they don’t really know.
4. Cyber-bullying takes place on social
networking sites (i.e., Facebook, MySpace,
etc.) among my friends.
Quick write- For each Phrase explain if you
agree or not and why.
5. If you’re old enough to go on the
Internet, you’re old enough to know the
dangers.
6. Parents should monitor some of their
teens’ Internet use.
7. Teens’ social networking profiles should
be set at the highest privacy settings.
8. Teens have a right to privacy.
Practice #4
Change the sentences from passive to
active
1. Anita was driven to the theatre.
2. The letter was mailed by Marylyn.
3. A suspect was questioned for 16 hours by the
police.
4. The boat was thrown and tossed.
5. The maid’s ghost was haunting the area.
Practice # 5
Change these sentences into active
voice, add subjects if necessary
1. The clothes were knitted and sewn
2. The grapes were harvested by the workers.
3. On top of the mountain sat the old little
house.
4. The school board was voting on that issue.
5. That ensemble was artfully designed.
Practice # 6
Turn the passive sentences into active ones
1. The mouse was eaten by the cat.
2. The Mississippi River is being contaminated
by several factories waste products.
3. My friend is being interviewed on the news
right now!
4. My groceries were stolen by some tall guy
today.
5. Jerry was hurt badly by the guy who crashed
into him.
Modifiers
• A modifier is any word or phrase that
describes something
– Example: The black bear with the razor sharp
teeth stared at me.
• Modifier Rule:
– The modifier must always be placed next to the
word it modifies.
Misplaced Modifier =(
• A modifier is misplaced when it is not next to
the word it describes
– Incorrect: The black bear stared at me with the
razor sharp teeth.
Practice 1
rewrite the following sentences, placing the
modifiers in the correct spot
1. He bought a dog for his sister called Colin.
2. Andrew told us after the holiday that he intends
to stop drinking.
3. We will not sell paraffin to anyone in glass
bottles.
4. Then you’ll be able to survive just about
anything that life throws at you with confidence
and style.
5. She saw a moose on the way to the store
Practice 2
Rewrite the sentences moving the
modifier by the word it describes
1. One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas
2. We borrowed a bike from my neighbor with a
flat tire.
3. The girl ate the cereal with the pink dress.
4. I held the ticket tightly in my hand that my
friend gave me
Practice # 3
• Rewrite the following sentences, placing the modifier
next to the word it describes
1. He saw a woman walking her Rottweiler in high heels.
2. We learned that William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and
Juliet in our English class.
3. They arrived just as the lecture started on scooters.
4. We took the car into the shop that had engine trouble.
5. Climbing the fence, my grandma saw my little brother
Practice # 4 Misplaced modifiers
1. The tall boy led the parade with red hair.
2. The new student will take the corner seat
wearing the muscle shirt.
3. Kathy donated a television to the Youth
Center that she no longer used.
4. Totally destroyed by the tornado, he had to
rebuild his barn.
Sometimes a modifier is misplaced
because the subject it describes is
missing… so in this case add a subject
1. While taking a nap, the volcano erupted
2. While standing in line, the thunder could be
heard.
3. After watching the game, the snacks were
put away.
Comma Rules:
1. Place a comma after an introductory
clause/phrase
Ex: Before school lets out, I plan on getting my
assignments.
-Check: can take everything before the comma
out and the sentence still make sense.
2. Surround additional or interrupting
information with commas (appositives)
Ex: The Hoover Dam, constructed from 1932-1936,
was a feat among modern architecture.
-Check: Can you take everything surrounded by
commas out
Add Commas to where they belong in
the sentences
1. During the basketball game George scored
three points.
2. My school Arroyo Valley High School is
located in San Bernardino.
3. My friend Pete a veterinarian in Davis looked
at my dog when he got sick.
4. Although I disagree with you completely I
understand why you chose to defend that
position.
Add Commas to where they belong
1. Mrs. Donner My 9th grade English teacher
taught us about commas.
2. Javier Uribe Ms. Donner’s T.A. 2nd period has
a big presentation today.
3. Despite several attempts Michael still can not
jump the ramp on his board.
4. While class was in session it begun to rain.
5. The Statue of Liberty a famous American
symbol of freedom was given to the US as a
gift by the French people.
Combining sentences
1. When combining two sentences together,
use a conjunction and a comma.
Mary stayed up late, and her father was not pleased.
2. When combining two sentences together, use
a semicolon if you don’t want to use a
conjunction.
Mary stayed up late; her father was not pleased.
Conjunctions
• FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
• COMMA SPLICE =(
– Never combine two sentences with a comma if
you are not using a conjunction!!!
Practice 1:
Combine both sentences using a comma,
choose the appropriate conjunction.
1. I was grounded all weekend. I wasn’t able to
go to the hike.
2. I enjoy camping. I enjoy fishing too.
3. I studied hard for the test. I failed anyway.
4. I hurt myself badly. I forced myself on stage
because the show had to go on.
Practice 2
Combine both sentences using a comma, choose
the appropriate conjunction.
1. I love it in the spring time. I enjoy the
summer too.
2. You can either do your vocabulary
homework. You can risk failing the test.
3. I don’t want to go to the game, _______ do I
want to go to the play either.
4. Can you pick up the ingredients at the
market? I can make dinner.
2nd Semester Review
1. Complete sentences have a subject,
predicate, and a complete thought
2. Active sentences start with the subject, and
avoid linking verbs.
3. Modifiers always go next to the word they
describe, otherwise they are misplaced.
Explain what is wrong and fix it
1. The mine workers were rescued by the
National Guard.
2. The overly plump woman with no shoes.
3. The man sat on the chair with the hat.
4. Racing like cheetahs through the grass.
5. The man played the music piano beautifully.
Explain what is wrong and fix it
1. After watching the newest Star Wars.
2. Sword fighting is the sport I plan to practice.
3. Most fencers wear suits over their bodies
that are white and protective.
4. Lazily fishing all day long.
5. We were watching the fight as it unfolded.
Review Comma Rules
1. After an introductory clause
– After school lets out,…...
2. Surrounding additional information
– …., who lives in New Jersey,....
3. When combining two sentences with a
conjunction (FANBOYS)
– Mary is smart, and Mary is a dancer.
Add commas where they belong
1. During the winter break I enjoyed spending
time with my family.
2. Saint Nicholas known to many as Santa
Clause lived in Northern Europe long ago.
3. Although I love Hot Cheetos I need to stop
eating them because they are causing my
stomach pain.
4. I wanted to input test scores over break but
the web site was down.
Semicolons are used in 3 different
ways
1. When the subject matter in two sentences
CLOSELY relate to one another, you can
combine both sentences using a semicolon.
The night sky was darkening; it was difficult to
see.
The night sky was darkening. I decided that I
would turn west.
Combining sentences: Semicolons
Sentence # 1; Fancy conjunction, sentence #2
Fancy conjunctions (aka: conjunctive adverbs):
Therefore
For instance
However
For example
Nonetheless
On the other hand
Additionally
On the contrary
Consequently
Furthermore
Practice: Decide where the periods,
semicolons and commas go.
1. I sat quietly in math class suddenly I
remembered that I was suppose to take out the
trash this morning.
2. I’ll talk you to prom however that does not
make you my girlfriend.
3. I’ll never forget August 22 that was the day
my dad left.
Practice: Decide where the periods,
semicolons and commas go.
1. Life is like a box of chocolates you never
know what you’re going to get.
2. I ate late last night when I woke up this
morning I didn’t even feel hungry.
3. I have a huge migraine nonetheless I will try
to present the information as clearly as
possible.
4. The new house beautifully sat in the
countryside my spirits felt unusually high.
Example:
I hate to leave you here; on the other hand, I
think it might help build your independence.
Practice # 1:
1. I feel sick today. I will have to miss work.
2. Getting a college education is beneficial. My
friend Ralph got a job making 90k right after
he graduated.
3. I didn’t complete my homework. My grade
dropped down.
Semicolons are used in 3 different
ways
3. To separate items in a list that use commas or
are long and complex.
Ex: I wanted to go to Cedar City, Utah; Boise,
Idaho; and Nashville, Tennessee.
Practice: Add semicolons, commas,
and periods where they belong.
1. For lunch I’m making spaghetti with meat sauce
garlic bread with parmesan cheese and a zesty
salad with walnuts strawberries and feta cheese.
2. I plan on helping my mother clean her house by
sweeping mopping and dusting take care of the
yard by raking up leaves and mowing the lawn
and babysit by helping the kids with their
homework making them a snack and providing
activities for them to do.
Fix the following sentences by following
the instructions
1. Add a comma and a conjunction
The military ball is expensive I’ll find a way to go
anyway.
2. Add a semicolon
Allyssa snuck out last night her dad was furious.
3. Add a semicolon, a fancy conjunction, and a
comma
There are many things you can do to help the
community you can volunteer at soup kitchens or
animal shelters.
Apostrophes
• Apostrophes are used only two times.
1. When combining two words into a
contraction.
Ex: We will = we’ll Do not =don’t
2. When showing that something belongs to
someone.
Ex: That is Sam’s cat.
Side note
If a word ends in an –s, than you put the
apostrophe after the s.
Example: Charles’ girlfriend
Practice # 1
Fix the following sentences using your
apostrophe rules
1. I cant believe that Susannas dog died.
2. We wont be participating in the games this
year.
3. I love pool’s, barbeque’s, and other summer
things.
4. Luis paper wasnt bad at all.
More apostrophe rules
4. Use and apostrophe when omitting the first
two digits from a year.
Example: Class of ‘17 (2017)
5. Use and apostrophe when taking letters,
numbers or words out of context.
Example: Don’t forget to cross your t’s
You said too many um’s in your speech
Practice #2: Fix the apostrophes using
the apostrophe rules
1. Thats Johns book; yours is on the back table
with Carlos things.
2. Jesus and Jerrys project was the last
submitted in 15.
3. I couldve sworn that there were two ss in
buses, but my sister says its not true.
4. “Wash and take care of the car,” said Jeffs
dad, “because its going to be yours and your
brothers one day.”
Fixing run-on-sentences
1. Combine two sentences together, using a
conjunction and a comma.
Mary stayed up late, and her father was not pleased.
2. Combine two sentences together, use a
semicolon if you don’t want to use a
conjunction.
Mary stayed up late; her father was not pleased.
3. Combine sentences using a semicolon, a fancy
conjunction, and a comma.
,
Mary stayed up late; Consequently her father was not
pleased.
Fix the following run on sentences
using all three methods
1. Chris didnt like his math class, he believed his
teacher was Satan himself.
2. I couldn’t believe that Samanthas dad won
the lottery it couldn’t have happened to a
better family.
Practice # 10
Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete
sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive
not active sentences.
1. On top of going to school I participate in two clubs
and am part of the swim team.
2. The house was lit on fire by the activists.
3. Next year I plan on go to college to start my career.
4. The unforgettably large house with the blue fence.
5. Jim crow a set of laws that caused segregation in the
country lasted until the late 1960’s.
6. I wish I could go to art school to learn how to paint
and drawing too.
Practice 11
Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete
sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches,
passive not active sentences.
1. The house around the corner was built by
Lowes.
2. The rich old miserly man with grey whiskers.
3. Before school is over I plan on finishing my
assignment.
4. Last Thursday I act in the school play.
5. I wanted to go to the party but I was grounded.
6. While I was at the mall I bought lunch, hung out
with friends, and went shopping for clothes.
Practice 12
Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete sentence,
parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive not active
sentences and spelling errors and other mistakes.
1. I love going to the movies, eating popcorn, and to have
fun with my family.
2. With much gratitude, the tired woman.
3. Its always hard to read Johns writing.
4. Helen Scott the winner of this weeks lottery must report
to the main office in Sacramento.
5. Jimmy was given a gift from those people over their.
6. In the beginning we couldn’t figure out why there was to
much fungus growing in the lake.
7. John paid for it and I am having a hard time excepting his
generosity.
Vocab warm-up
1. She stood on the __________ skyscraper.
2. He looks rather sickly and __________;
therefore, he won’t have a good _________.
3. This minister is evil. He does not _________
what it means to be godly; consequently, I
regret the day the church __________(ed)
him.
4. My headache is making me moody and
__________. I wish there was a way I could
_______ the pain.
5. She is so _____________; I told her there was
school next Monday, and she believed me!
6. As I walked down the dark silent street, I got an
___________ feeling that something bad was
about to happen.
Homework:
1. Write 2 synonyms and 2 antonyms for each
word
2. Write a letter using all 10 vocabulary words
3. Write a spelling pyramid for each word
4. Study for the test on Friday!!!
Vocabulary warm-up
1. The streets cross, forming __________ line’s.
2. I hear North Korea is _______(ing) a great
number of nuclear weapons consequently I am
feeling a great sense of ___________ about the
future.
3. When the kids was throwing paper I was
_________ and when he began to cuss at other
students, I became ________!
4. On the CAHSEE be _________ about checking
your work. Dont think that _________(ing) your
thoughts is enough. It would be a huge
________ if you do not go over your work.
Vocabulary warm-up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I want to go on the ___________ this summer to Utah with CORE
Academy.
I can’t help but be amazed at how vast and _____________ the
ocean is.
I heard that the ancient Chinese used ground up tortoise shells as
an _______________ among married couples.
I got lost at the theme park. I kept going in circles and hitting
dead ends, it seemed like it was a giant ______________.
That girl always has to be wearing the best styles, and I always
catch her looking in the mirror. She is so __________________.
When the sun came out, I went outside to see the beautiful
____________________.
Michael is my ___________ at Mario Kart, but I will defeat him
one day.
Homework
1.
2.
3.
4.
2 synonyms and 2 antonyms for each word
Write a letter using each word
Create a spelling pyramid for each word
Study for the vocabulary test
Homophones- words that sound the
same
• There- location... over there
• Their- it belongs to them... it's their car
• They're- contraction for they are... they're
going to the movies
exercises:
• 1. I want __________ house; it is so
beautiful.
• 2. I can't believe that _________ going to
perform tonight!
• 3. Please put all the required paperwork
_____________.
Homophones II
• It’s= contraction for it is
– It’s beautiful
• Its= belongs to it
– Table lost its leg
• To= I am going to the store
• Too=too much or also
– I ate too much too
• Two= more than one
– Two shoes
• Know= understand
• Now= right away
Practice
1. I wanted ____ get a new bookshelf because
mine had broken _______ shelf.
2. I have ______ houses _______ that I’ve
gotten married.
3. _________ frustrating to see kids not do
their homework when they should ________
better.
4. I’m going to have fun and win prizes ______.
Figurative language
Directions: Explain is it personification, metaphor,
simile, or just figurative language, and explain what
it means.
1. I move like a cheetah on the Serengeti.
2. Her head was spinning from all the new
information.
3. I’m traveling down this bumpy road I call life.
4. The toast jumped out of the toaster.
5. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
6. The Redcoats are coming!
Homophones part 3
• Accept- to take something
– I accept your apology
• Except- not including that one
– I like all candy except smarties
• Which- Choice between
– Which one should I choose?
• Witch
– The wicked witch of the West
• Weather- how it is outside
– The weather is really off lately
• Whether– Whether or not you decide to go is up to you
Homophones part 4
• Affect- Emotionally
– When my father lost his job it affected his
confidence.
• Effect- physically
– The effects of acid rain are dire
• Are-state of being
– The boys are tall
• Our- belongs to us
– That is our car
Practice problems
1. I won’t _________ that answer. Of course
not studying for a test will _________ your
grade.
2. When everyone got invited to the party
_________ for me, it really hurt and
________ me in a deep way.
3. ____________ or not ___________ team
wins, at least we gave it ________ best shot.
Homophones practice:
(Its/It’s) surprising how little rain California is
getting this year. The governor has declared an
official drought for (our/are) state. He has asked
us to reduce (our/are) water usage by 20%
before CA loses all (its/it’s) water.
(There/their/they’re) has to be something we
can do. We can not (except/accept) water waste
anymore. If people waste (to/too/two) much
water than (there/their/they’re) being
irresponsible citizens. I hope this speech had
some (affect/effect) on you today.
Denotation and Connotation
• Denotation: The dictionary definition of the
word
• Connotation: The feeling that the word evokes
• Example: That bag is cheap.
– Denotation: Inexpensive
– Negative connotation: of poor quality
Practice #1: Write down the denotation
and connotation for each word. Explain if
the connotation is positive or negative
1. Pig:
a) Denotation:
b) Connotation:
2. Mother:
a) Denotation:
b) Connotation:
3. Vacation:
a) Denotation:
b) Connotation:
Practice #2: Write down the denotation
and connotation for each word. Explain if
the connotation is positive or negative
• 1. Music
a) Denotation:
b) Connotation:
• 2. Skinny
a) Denotation:
b) Connotation:
• 3. depressed
a) Denotation:
b) Connotation:
Practice #3
1. Write down the denotative meaning for the
word Intelligent.
2. Find one synonym that for the word
intelligent that has a positive connotation.
3. Find one synonym that for the word
intelligent that has a Negative connotation.
Practice #4: Write the denotative and
connotative meanings for each word
1. Snake
a)
b)
c)
d)
Best Friend
Limbless reptile
Evil Doer
Vicious beast
2. House
a)
b)
c)
d)
Dream Home
Comfortable
Hovel
Building to live in
3. Boss
c)
d)
e)
f)
Employer
Pushy
Weak
Domineering
4. Rich
c)
d)
e)
f)
Snobby
Wealthy
Cheap
Mean
Diction
• Diction: Word Choice
• Word Choice matters. Sometimes we can replace a
word with a synonym that makes our writing clearer,
or provides the desired connotation (feeling).
• Example:
• Negative: Grandma is getting senile in her old age,
and is constantly lying.
• Positive: Now that grandma is in her golden years
she is getting forgetful and sometimes misspeaks.
Practice #1: Pick the word choice that is
most precise (Fits meaning and tone)
1. Now, Jose’s department runs the business database
for all customers.
(Repairs, maintains)
2. The school was once named Central High.
(Originally, never)
3. The town grew to include the surrounding areas.
(increased, expanded)
4. The office computers are always on.
(being operated, never off)
Diction, denotation and connotation
Directions: You are going to write the same example
TWO different ways, using diction (word choice) to
choose synonyms that have the connotation you want.
Here is the topic.
1. The man is the youngest employee working at our
firm.
1. Positive:
2. Negative:
2. The girl is always talking to the managers.
1. Positive:
2. Negative:
Example answers
1. The man is the youngest employee working at our
firm.
1. Positive: That man is the most youthful and energetic
employee working at this firm.
2. Negative: That man is the most inexperienced and
immature employee working at our firm.
2. The girl is always talking to the managers.
1. Positive: The girl is good at communicating with her
supervisors.
2. Negative: The girl is constantly kissing up to the bosses.
Connotation: positive vs negative
1. A person who does not weigh a lot
Positive
negative
Thin
anorexic
2. Someone who does not spend a lot of money
Positive
Negative
economical
cheap
3. Someone who does well in school
Positive
Negative
intelligent
Brainy
Denotation and Connotation #1:
Directions: Rewrite each sentence In two ways: one to make the situation
sound better and the other one to make it sound worse. Only change the
underlined word or phrase. Keep the denotation the same.
Given Sentence: I was deeply angered when my sister ruined
my sweater.
Better: I was annoyed when my sister ruined my sweater.
Worse: I was outraged when my sister ruined my sweater.
1. Mark destroyed John’s football, but offered to replace it.
2. The car accident left the girl’s arm damaged.
3. Our dinner was burnt last night.
4. The young man didn’t have much money.
Denotation and Connotation #2:
Directions: Rewrite each sentence In two ways: one to make the situation sound
better and the other one to make it sound worse. Only change the underlined word
or phrase. Keep the denotation the same.
Given Sentence: I was deeply angered when my sister
ruined my sweater.
Better: I was annoyed when my sister ruined my sweater.
Worse: I was outraged when my sister ruined my sweater.
1. Your speech yesterday was lousy.
2. That secret was hurtful to me, I wish I’d never found
out!
3. Our vacation was awful because the airlines lost our
luggage.
4. We were all very sad after we were told the news.
Practice: Use context clues to
determine meaning
Broadway is a street in
New York City; however,
the word Broadway
denotes the world of live
theatre. Going to see a
live show is thrilling to the
audience because they
actually watch the actors
preform live on stage.
Costumes, sets, and music
enhance the production.
1. denotes:
a. Changes b. Represents
c. Understands d. Names
2. Thrilling:
a. Boring b. Exciting
c. Imposing d. difficult
3. Enhance:
a. Intensify b. lessen
c. Complicate c. ruin
Practice #1: Add quotation marks where
they belong (look at rule handout)
1. Let’s go sighed Trish, so we don’t get marked tardy.
1. Katrina told me that I should not be in the band.
1. I read a magazine article called Trouble in Paradise.
1. My cousin called and said, We need you to settle an
argument. Can you help us?
The Colon (:)
1. To note what follows
1.
The car comes with everything: A CD
player, working AC, electric windows…
2. Use a colon after the greeting in a
business letter
2. Dear Sirs:
3. Bible verses
3. Matthew 28:19-20
4. Time
4. 6:20
5. Divide topics in lists
5. Please pick up the following:
Hyphens (-)
To divide a word at the end of
the line
(only on syllable breaks)
To write fractions
With the following prefixes: ex-,
self-, all-, and the suffix –elect.
When using a compound
adjective (two or more words
that work together to describe
a noun)
..................George was workIng hard for his family.
Two-thirds
ex-wife
Anti-American
A well-made movie
A nicely arranged room (no
hyphen)
Colon and hyphen Practice: write the
words that need colons or hyphens added
to them
To my fellow shareholders
I realize that our stock has dropped by one third
over the past quarter, but as the president elect for
this company, I urge you not to sell. Once in office I
plan on doing the following produce a higher yield
of our product to our buyers, increase land and sea
operations, and cut out product lines that are not
making money. I ultimately plan to bring a profit to
all eighty eight of our members.
Titles
1. Use Italics or underline the titles of longer works
such as plays and novels and feature length films.
– Romeo and Juliet
– The Wizard of OZ
2. Use quotation marks to set off the titles of
shorter works such as poems, short stories, and
articles.
-“The Necklace”
-“The Charge of the Light Brigade”
3. Capitalize the first word and all the main words
used in titles.
– (See examples above)
Fix the titles
1. I read an article titled, the effects of
marijuana on the teenage brain.
2. Did you see finding dori yet?
3. I loved reading a tell-tale heart.
4. I cried at the end of the novel of mice and
men.
Other Comma rules
4. To set off introductory words
-Well, I think you should have thought that through.
5. To set off the direct address to a person
-I can’t be your friend anymore, Louise.
Katie, can I have a word with you?
6. When no other rule is stated, but it is needed
for clarity.
Let’s eat grandma vs Let’s eat, grandma
Comma Rule practice
1. Father I am not your little girl anymore.
2. However I did remember to rake the leaves.
3. The computer the grey one on the table will
work well for you Richard.
Body paragraphs
Topic SentenceProof from story
Why this is
important… your
feelings about it
In the beginning of the story,
Jeff was afraid to go get help. This
is seen when he says, “But I’m
scared! I don’t even want to have
courage!” His emotions here are
understandable, considering that
he was being asked to hike
through a dangerous canyon alone
to get help, but what other choice
did they have?
Body paragraphs
Topic Sentence
Eventually Jeff begins to have
more courage. This happens because
he remembers that he is doing this to
save his brothers life. This is seen
where is says, “[…]he was limping
Proof from story badly. […]getting him medical
attention was their only choice.” This
is important because it shows how
Why this is
important… your Jeff is willing to face his fears, and the
feelings about it perils of the rocks and ledges,
because he loves his brother.
Conclusion
• Restate thesis in
different words
• Reveal a bigger
picture or idea
to the reader,
explain what
they should
learn or get
from your essay
By the end of the story, Jeff
had proven himself to be a
determined hero, even though he
started his journey out terrified of
the hike. I believe we all can
learn a lesson from the emotions
and qualities Jeff demonstrated in
this story. If someone needs
help, it is important for us to
stand up, like Jeff, and face our
fears to help out if necessary.
First Last Name
Ms. Donner
English II per #
January 31, 2014
CAHSEE Lit terms test
Number 1-28
Fix the errors in the following
sentences
1. After school is over I plan on going to there
house.
2. The payment was accepted by my bank.
3. Washington DC the capital of the United
States has one of the highest crime rates in
America right know.
(Passive/active voice…homophones… comma
rules)
Fix the errors Part II
1. I dont want to go because I feel sick but I
dont want to miss my test either.
2. Those houses were built by my fathers
construction crew.
3. Its amazing how the San Andreas Fault
located beneath San Bernardino has not
erupted yet.
Fix the errors part III
1. I believe their our a lot of ways young people
can positively affect they’re community for
example they can volunteer to work with the
department of Parks and Recreation.
2. The copies were made by the secretary.
3. Joses shoes never quiet fit him right but, he
always wore them anyway.
Capitalization
The following things should always be capitalized:
• names of proper nouns
• the word “I”
• the first word in every sentence
• days/months
• Titles (First word and all important words)
• Find the two words in each group that should be
capitalized.
• 1. me wendy book country spain
• 2. flow airplane tuesday language officer hux
• 3. doctor toyota blanket finding nemo flag pole
• 4. south street mcdonalds street welcome teacher
• 5. high school table english friend june
Capitalization Part 2
The following things should always be capitalized: names of proper
nouns,
• the word “I”, the first word in every sentence, days, months, and
titles.
Correct the following sentences for proper capitalization. Please rewrite
the whole sentence in your notebook. If the sentence is correct, write
“correct as is.”
1. my sister, michelle, is one of the kindest people I know.
2. our neighbor, mr. Johnson, enjoys traveling; his favorite country is
italy.
3. When i go shopping with my mom, we like to get pretzels from auntie
anne’s.
4. Did you like playing with the dog at the pet store?
5. over at tom davis elementary school the students enjoy three hours of
recess!
6. how do you like living in your city?
Helen of Troy
Read the story
1. Create a list of important characters (10):
Name
Who they were… what they did
2. Create a list of important events (10-15):
Story events in order
1.
2.
3. Create 3 questions that you think would be
good on your next test
Greek Origin Questions
1. The Greeks created myths in order to…
2. The world came from a state of nothingness
that the Greeks called…
3. Gaea, mother Earth, and father sky produce
these strange creatures:
4. What did Uranus do to his children? Who
was Kronus and how did he stop him?
5. What did Kronus do to his own children?
6. How did Rhea save Zeus?
7. How did Zeus save his brothers and sisters?
8. How did they defeat their father? What was
Zeus’ dangerous idea?
9. How did Zeus and his brothers decide who
got what power?
Name of God
Zeus
Poseidon
Hades
Hera
Demeter
Hestia
Athena
Aphrodite
Hephaestus
Apollo
Hermes
Ares
Artimis
Power/god of
CAHSEE Questions
1. That collection of essays, John wants on the
bottom shelf.
A) John wants them, that collection of essays.
B) John wants that collection of essays.
C) Wanted by John, that collection of essays.
D) Leave as is.
Write the correct answer, and explain why it is
correct
CAHSEE Questions
2. My sister a high school freshman, is trying for
the school play.
A) My sister, a high school freshman, is trying
for the school play.
B) My sister: a high school freshman is trying for
the school play.
C) My sister a high school freshman is trying for
the school play.
D) Leave as is
CAHSEE Questions
3. Uncle Yari often said; “My way is the best
way.”
A) said “My way is the best way.”
B) said, “My way is the best way”.
C) said, “My way is the best way.”
D) Leave as is