Transcript POWER POINT for Plenary Session NGs2

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English Grammar 1
Lecture 3
Jan 22, 2016
Noun Groups
Post-modification
Rankshifted clauses
Class Activity: Red/Green Challenge
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Lecture Plan
1. Review key concepts
2. Noun groups
a. Post modification
b. Down-shifted clauses
3. ACTIVITY/COMPETITION
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Grammatical Ranking
Text
Joined clauses
Single Clause
Word group (joined
words)
Word
Morpheme
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Review: Noun Groups
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Which are Noun Groups?
 A large Italian man drinking a cappuccino
 Screaming loudly
 Silly people with nothing better to do
 Skipping briskly
 An amazing insect with large scaly wings
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Find the HEAD of the NG
 A large Italian man drinking a cappuccino
 Screaming loudly
 Silly people with nothing better to do
 Skipping briskly
 An amazing insect with large scaly wings
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Find the HEAD of the NG
 A large Italian man drinking a cappuccino
 Screaming loudly
 Silly people with nothing better to do
 Skipping briskly
 An amazing insect with large scaly wings
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Noun Groups
An amazing insect with large scaly wings
dv
Adj
N
pp
The Head is the focal point of a word group on which
other words ‘depend’, or which other words ‘point to’
or ‘add meaning to’.
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Modifiers: FUNCTION
 Modifiers tend to add information about
the noun. Adjectives, other nouns, or
participles, normally perform the function of
Modifier before the Head noun, and
relative clauses and prepositional
phrases often function as Modifier after the
Head noun.
Pre-Plenary Challenge #1
Can we add
“very” in front
of hideous?
Pre-M
Post-M
hideous Thomas who loves to eat silly sausages
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Pre-Plenary Challenge #1
Can we add “very”
in front of hideous?
YES
Pre-M
Post-M
Ep
hideous Thomas who loves to eat silly sausages
Adj.
noun
Relative clause
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Pre-Plenary Challenge #2
Post-M
people who aren’t very smart
Relative clause
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Pre-Plenary Challenge #3
homework helps people who aren’t very smart
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Pre-Plenary Challenge #3

S
F/P
O
II I homework I helps I people who aren’t very smart I II
NG
VG
NG
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What’s
this F/P
stuff???
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Finite—takes the tense (construes tense)
Predicator– takes the lexical meaning
(construes the event)
S
F
P
O
He does cook salmon
He did cook salmon
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S
F
P
O
He does cook salmon
S
He
F/P
O
cooks salmon
S
F
P
O
He did cook salmon
S
F/P
O
He
cooked salmon
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POST-modification in NGs
Noun Groups
 The Monarch is a common poisonous
butterfly that eats poisonous
milkweed in its larval stage.
 How many NGs in the clause above?
 The Monarch is a common poisonous
butterfly that eats poisonous
milkweed in its larval stage.
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Noun Groups
Identify the HEAD
The Monarch
 a common poisonous butterfly that
eats poisonous milkweed in its larval
stage.
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Noun Groups
Identify the HEAD
The Monarch

a common poisonous butterfly
that eats poisonous milkweed in
its larval stage.
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Noun Groups
Identify the Pre-modifiers and label the
FUNCTIONS (above) and CLASS (below)

a common poisonous butterfly
Functions:
CLASS:
•DR
•Pre-M 1 (ep)
•Head
•dv
•Adj
•noun
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Noun Groups
Identify the Pre-modifiers and label the
FUNCTIONS (above) and CLASS (below)
DR

Epithet
Epithet
H
a common poisonous butterfly
dv
adj
adj
noun
Check MOODLE for more information on
Epithet and Classifier. DO NOT PANIC.
Epithet will do just fine.
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Noun Groups
Identify the POST modifier
butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its larval stage.
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Noun Groups
Identify the POST modifier
Label the CLASS (under the wording)
H
Post-M
(qualifier)
butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its larval stage.
noun
relative clause
The relative clause is functioning as the post
modifier for the head, butterfly
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Noun Groups
 The Monarch is a common poisonous
butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its
larval stage.
 Are there two clauses in this sentence?
 [How many verbs are there?]
dwei
 Are the two clauses functioning at the
same level?
Bu dwei
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Text
Joined clauses
Single Clause
The Monarch is a butterfly…
Word group
that eats poisonous milkweed
Its not at the
same rank or
level; it is
shifted down.
Word
Morpheme
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Downshifted/ rankshifted clause
 The Monarch is a common poisonous
butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its
larval stage.
 …that eats poisonous milkweed in its larval
stage = a relative clause
 What is its function in the sentence?
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 The Monarch is a common poisonous
butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its
larval stage.
 The “that” clause ADDS information to the
HEAD, butterfly
 The “that” clause is giving the reader more
insights about the butterfly.
 It is not the main clause. It is downshifted;
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downranked; rankshifted
Functioning within a word group
 Find examples of a word group (NG) with a
rankshifted clause. Find the H; then
Pre/Post modifiers
 the course which is required for graduation
 the course everyone fears
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Functioning with a word group
 Find examples of a word group (NG) with a
rankshifted clause. (Find the HEAD)
 DR H
Post-M
 the course which is required for graduation

 DR H
Post-M
 the course everyone fears
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Functioning with a word group
 Find examples of a word group (NG) with a
rankshifted clause. (Find the HEAD)
 DR H
Post-M
 the course which is required for graduation
 dv n
relative clause
 DR H
Post-M
 the course everyone fears
 dv n
[which] ellipsed relative clause
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NGs
 The first year students are taking the course
which everyon
e
 The first year students are taking the
course.
 The first year students are taking the course
which everyone fears.
 (additional information about “course” which
happens to contain a VERB and is therefore a clause
but functioning at the word group level).
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Rank-Shifted Clauses
 A rankshifted clause is one which is not functioning
at Clause level. The rankshifted clause is
functioning within a word group. Thus, the clause is
‘down-ranked’ from clause to word group level.
 Other terms:
 DOWNSHIFTED
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Text
Joined clauses
Single Clause
The first year students are taking the course..
Word group
[which] everyone
fears.
Word
Morpheme
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This is the silly little dog *who likes
to sit on my foot.
The relative pronoun, who, is
generally used with human
subjects. However, those of us
who are dog lovers, tend to
personify our pets and use
“who”.
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This is the silly little dog who likes
to sit on my foot.
Post-M
Pre-M
my silly little
dog
who likes to sit on my foot.
This is a NG. It has a HEAD. It has premodifications and post-modifications.
CAN YOU ALSO SEE A CLAUSE?
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This is the silly little dog who likes
to sit on my foot.
Post-M
Pre-M
my silly little
dog
who likes to sit on my foot.
who likes to sit on my foot.
What is the function of this clause? Is it the MAIN clause? Or
is it serving another purpose?
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. They
are poisonous, but only bite if they sense
they are in danger, and the bite is not
often fatal. It is not too much more painful
than a bee sting. It is important to handle
tarantulas very carefully, not because they
can kill you, but because they are very
fragile.
What is the social purpose of this text?
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. They
are poisonous, but only bite if they sense
they are in danger, and the bite is not
often fatal. It is not too much more painful
than a bee sting. It is important to handle
tarantulas very carefully, not because they
can kill you, but because they are very
fragile.
EXPERIENTIAL MEANING:
What
make up
the field
of the text? danger,
Field:words
tarantulas,
spider,
poisonous,
bite, fatal, painful, carefully, kill, fragile
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. They
are poisonous, but only bite if they sense
they are in danger, and the bite is not
often fatal. It is not too much more painful
than a bee sting. It is important to handle
tarantulas very carefully, not because they
can kill you, but because they are very
fragile.
EXPERIENTIAL MEANING:
Are the words primarily everyday, non-technical, or noneveryday and technical? Are they concrete or abstract?
High or low frequency words?
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. They
are poisonous, but only bite if they sense
they are in danger, and the bite is not
often fatal. It is not too much more painful
than a bee sting. It is important to handle
tarantulas very carefully, not because they
can kill you, but because they are very
fragile.
EXPERIENTIAL MEANING: Logical meaning
“but” is used two times; because
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. They
are poisonous, but only bite if they sense
they are in danger, and the bite is not
often fatal. It is not too much more painful
than a bee sting. It is important to handle
tarantulas very carefully, not because they
can kill you, but because they are very
fragile.
Interpersonal Meaning:
Pronouns?
Evaluative language (opinion)?
Modality (degree of certainty)?
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. They
are poisonous, but only bite if they sense
they are in danger, and the bite is not often
fatal. It is not too much more painful than a
bee sting. It is important to handle
tarantulas very carefully, not because they
can kill you, but because they are very
fragile.
Interpersonal Meaning:
Pronouns? “they” reference to spider; “you” personal pronoun;
Interpersonal
somewhat
personal Meaning:
reader-writer relationship
Pronouns?
Evaluative
language (opinion)? Not too much more painful;
Evaluative
language
(opinion)?
carefully,
important,
very
Modality
(degree
certainty)?
Modality
(degree
ofof
certainty/usuality)?
Not often; bare assertions
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. They
are poisonous, but only bite if they sense
they are in danger, and the bite is not
often fatal. It is not too much more painful
than a bee sting. It is important to handle
tarantulas very carefully, not because they
can kill you, but because they are very
fragile.
Find the most complex NG in the text above.
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 Tarantulas are big hairy spiders that live
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere.
They are poisonous, but only bite if they
sense they are in danger, and the bite is
not often fatal. It is not too much more
painful than a bee sting. It is important to
handle tarantulas very carefully, not
because they can kill you, but because
they are very fragile.
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Unpack the NG
 big hairy spiders that live mainly in the
Southern Hemisphere
DR
DR
Post-M
HEAD
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Unpack the NG
DR
DR
HEAD
Post-M
 big hairy spiders that live mainly in the
Southern Hemisphere
adj
noun
Relative clause
downshifted
adj
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Unpack the complex NG
a tiny little creature that I found in my shoe
What is the HEAD?
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Unpack the complex NG
a tiny little creature that I found in my shoe
Underline the pre-m
Underline the post -m
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Unpack the complex NG
a tiny little creature that I found in my shoe
Label the FUNCTIONS (above)
Label the CLASS (below)
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Unpack the complex NG
DR Epithet Epithet H
Post-M
a tiny little creature that I found in my shoe
dv adj adj
N
Rel. clause
Label the FUNCTIONS (above)
Label the CLASS (below)
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Downshifted rel. clauses
A tiny little creature found in my shoe
A tiny little creature hiding in my shoe
A tiny little creature living under a rock
Are there relative clauses above?
Say YES.
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Downshifted relative clauses
A tiny little creature which I found in my shoe
A tiny little creature which was hiding in my shoe
A tiny little creature which is living under a rock
These are called ELLIPSED clauses.
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Ellipsed relative clause?
 The boy who is jumping on the bed is
driving me crazy.
 The boy jumping on the bed is driving me
crazy.
 The girl singing along to the radio is off key.
 I have one dog who loves to sit on my foot.
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Take a QUICK break: 10min
 When you come back:
RED and GREEN Activity /competition
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ACTIVITY/Review (competition)
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
 Are the following boundaries correct?
 Hold up red for no or green for yes.
 (Clause constituents = I ; between word groups)
II IA I clause I contains a verb I II
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
II IA I clause I contains a verb I II
Correct answer:
II IA clause I contains I a verb I II
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ACTIVITY: Red or green
 Are the following FUNCTIONS (above the wording)
correct?
 Hold up red for no or green for yes.

S
F/P
O
III A clause I contains I a verb III
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
 Are the following CLASSes correct (below)?
 Hold up red for no or green for yes.

S
F/P
O
IIIA clauseI contains Ia verb III
NP
VP
QP
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)

S
F/P
O
III A clause I contains I a verb III
NP
VP
QP
CORRECT:
 S
F/P
O
III A clause I contains I a verb III
NP
VP
NP
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
 Is the following HEAD identified correctly?
Hold up red for no or green for yes.
A clause of any length
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
 Are the following FUNCTIONS correct? Hold
up red for no or green for yes.
DR
Post-M
A clause of any length
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
 Are the following CLASSes identified (below)
correctly? Hold up red for no or green for yes.
DR
Post-M
A clause of any length
dv n
vp
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
Dr
Post-M
A clause of any length
dv
n
vp
CORRECT
Dr
Post-M
A clause of any length
dv
n
pp
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ACTIVITY: Red or green (yes/no)
 Are the following FUNCTIONS/ CLASSes correctly
identified? Hold up red for no or green for yes.
DR
Pre-M HEAD
Post-M
the little dog that was barking
dv
adj
n
Relative
VP clause
downshifted
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Activity: Red or Green?
 Are the clause constituent boundaries correct?
IIIMy dog who is a purebred I is Inot very brightIII
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Activity: Red or Green?
 The longest NG in this clause consists of 3 words.
My dog who is a purebred is not very bright.
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Activity: Red or Green?
 There is a downshifted/downranked relative
clause in the example below. Yes (green) or no
(red)?
My dog who is a purebred is not very bright.
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Activity: Red or Green?
 There is a downshifted/downranked relative
clause in the example below.
 Is it underlined/ identified correctly. Yes or no?
My dog who is a purebred is not very bright.
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Activity: Red or Green?
 Are the clause constituent boundaries correct?
III This is I a crazy loud
plenary held on Fridays. III
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Activity: Red or Green?
 Are the clause constituent boundaries correct?
III This I is I a crazy loud
plenary held every Friday. III
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Activity: Red or Green?


Are the FUNCTIONS correctly identified?
S F
Cs
III This I is I a crazy loud
plenary held every Friday. III
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Activity: Red or Green?


Are the CLASSES correctly identified?
S F
Cs
III This I is I a crazy loud plenary held every Friday. III
NG VG
Object
NG
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Activity: Red or Green?
Is the NG correctly identified?
DR Ep Ep
H
Post M
a crazy loud plenary held every Friday
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Activity: Red or Green?
Is the NG correctly identified?
DR Ep Ep
H
Post M
a crazy loud plenary held every Friday
dv adj adj
noun
vp
adv
head
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Activity: Red or Green?
Is the NG correctly identified?
DR Ep Ep
H
Post M
a crazy loud plenary held every Friday
dv adj adj
noun
vg
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Activity: Red or Green?
Is the NG correctly identified?
DR Ep Ep
H
Post M
a crazy loud plenary held every Friday
dv adj adj
noun
[which is] rel
clause
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Activity: Red or Green
 Is the following statement true (green) or
false (red)?
 Mrs. Keh has three dogs.
 Mrs. Keh has three boys.
 Mrs. Keh has three ears.
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What we covered
 Noun Groups
 Modifiers
 Head Nouns
 Classes of Nouns
 Functions of Noun Groups
 Clauses functioning at the word
group level (downshifted/rankshifted)
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HOMEWORK TEXT
 Whales are large, intelligent, aquatic mammals. They breathe air through
blowhole(s) into lungs (unlike fish who breathe using gills). Whales have sleek,
streamlined bodies that move easily through the water. Whales swim by moving
their muscular tail (flukes) up and down. Fish swim by moving their tails left and
right. The biggest whale is the blue whale which grows to be about 94 feet (29 m)
long - the height of a 9-story building. These enormous animals eat about 4 tons of
tiny krill each day, obtained by filter feeding through baleen. Adult blue whales
have no predators with the exception of man.
 Complex whale songs can be heard for miles under the water. The humpback's
song can last for 30 minutes. Baleen whales sing low-frequency songs and toothed
whales emit whistles and clicks that they use for echolocation. The songs are
thought to be used in attracting mates, to keep track of offspring, and for the
toothed whales to locate prey.
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Reminder: Week 4 Quiz #1
During your Tutorials
February 2,3 or 4
 You will be given a
short text from which
the quiz items are
taken.
 II Clause constituents II
 S, F/P (given) O, C, A
 NG, VG, Adjg
 Functions
 DR Epithet Class. H
 Class
 dv, adj (participle), noun,
pp, rel. clause
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Where can you go for extra
practice?
MOOoodle
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