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Chapter 2A Your day in school Talk about school schedules and subjects Discuss what students do during the day Ask and tell who is doing an action Compare your school with that of a student in a Spanish- speaking country Fondo cultural Many Spanish words are derived from Latin because Spain was once part of the Roman Empire. Rome occupied most of Spain from about 209 B.C.E. to 586 C.E. During that time, massive public structures, including aqueducts and theaters were built. Some of these, such as the aqueduct that towers over the modern city of Segovia, are still standing (see next slide). The Latin name for Spain was Hispania. Can you see the similarity between Hispania and the country’s name in Spanish, España? Vocabulario por capítulo 2A To talk about your school day: el almuerzo – lunch la clase – class la clase de ______ - ______ class (la clase de arte= art class) arte – art español – Spanish ciencias naturales – science ciencias sociales – social studies educación física – physcial education (P.E.) inglés – English matemáticas – mathematics tecnología – technology/computers Vocabulario por capítulo 2A el horario – schedule en la _______ hora – in the _______ hour (class period) la tarea – homework To describe school activities- verbs enseñar to teach / to show estudiar to study tener to have hablar to talk Example sentence: En la quinta hora tengo la clase de arte. In the fifth hour I have art class. To talk about things you need for school la calculadora – calculator la carpeta de argollas – three-ringed binder el diccionario – dictionary necesito – I need necesitas – you need Example sentence: Yo necesito una carpeta. I need a folder. To talk about the order of things (ordinal numbers – the order of things) *primero/a – first segundo/a – second *tercero/a – third cuarto/a – fourth quinto/a – fifth sexto/a – sixth séptimo/a – seventh octavo/a – eighth noveno/a – ninth décimo/a – tenth * Changes to primer, tercer before a masculine singular noun. Adjectives to describe your classes aburrido, a – boring difícil – difficult divertido, a – amusing, fun facíl – easy favorito, a – favorite interesante – interesting más… que – more … than práctico, a – practical Other useful words… a ver … ¿Quién? para mucho (yo) tengo (tú) tienes Let’s see… Who? for a lot I have you have Subject Pronouns Singular Plural yo - I nosotros/as - we tú - you (informal) vosotros/as - y'all (Spain) usted (Ud.) - you (F) ustedes (Uds.) - you él - he ellos - they (m) ella - she ellas - they (f) How to conjugate a verb What is an infinitive? It is the verb in its un-conjugated form. It is the English equivalent of “to ____” For example, “to speak” or “to sing” It is the verb in its “ar” “er” or “ir” form in Spanish. To conjugate it, take off the ending Hablar becomes: habl Cantar becomes: cant How to conjugate a verb After you take the ending (ar, er, ir) off it is called a stem. The stem is the word with the “ending” removed (habl / cant) When you conjugate the verb, each pronoun has a different ending that you add to the stem: -o, -as, -a, amos, -áis, -an See next slide for an example: The verb “hablar” conjugated the pronoun goes with the ending yo o Singular Plural yo hablo - I speak nosotros/as hablamos - we speak tú hablas - you speak vosotros/as habláis - you speak usted habla - you speak (F) Uds. hablan - you speak él habla - he speaks ellos hablan - they speak (mp) ella habla - she speaks ellas hablan - they speak (fp) The verb “cantar” conjugated Singular Plural yo canto - I speak nosotros/as cantamos - we speak tú cantas - you speak vosotros/as cantáis - you speak usted canta - you speak (F) Uds. cantan - you speak él canta - he speaks ellos cantan - they speak (mp) ella canta - she speaks ellas cantan - they speak (fp) Verb endings for –ar verbs Singular Plural yo - o nosotros - amos tú - as vosotros - áis usted - a ustedes - an él - a ellos - an ella - a ellas - an The verb “necesitar” conjugated Singular Plural yo necesito - I speak nosotros/as necesitamos - we speak tú necesitas - you speak vosotros/as necestáis - you speak usted necesita - you speak (F) Uds. necesitan - you speak él necesita - he speaks ellos necesitan - they speak (mp) ella necesita - she speaks ellas necesitan - they speak (fp) Simón Bolivar (1783-1830) Simón Bolivar Simón Bolivar liberated the territory that is now Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from Spanish rule. A daring military commander and statesman, Bolivar is revered in South America as el Libertador (the Liberator). Statue of Bolivar in Washington, D.C. Bust of Bolivar in Lake Eola, Florida Fernando Botero (1932- ) Picture taken circa 2006 Colombian artist Fernando Botero is among the best know and most respected Latin American artists. his works have been exhibited around the world in prestigious museums, galleries and open-air places. Botero’s style is unique and is easily recognizable. Feliz cumpleaños Una familia Pablo Escobar Cognates that begin with es + consonant Many words in Spanish that begin with es+consonant are easy to understand because they have the same meaning as English words. Knowing this pattern helps you recognize the meaning of new Spanish words and learn them more quickly. Try it out! Look at the words on the next slide – then cover up the the beginning. Name the English words that come from the same root word. Name the English words that come from the same root word after covering up the “e” at the beginning. estudiante esquiar estudioso especial escuela estricto escena estómago