Transcript The Principal Parts of Verbs, Irregular Verbs, and Verb Tenses

Unit: Verbs and Sentence Structure
The Principal Parts of Verbs
 Verbs take different forms in order to indicate time.
These forms of verbs are tenses.
 “She talks about her plans” expresses action in the
present.
 “She talked about her plans” expresses action that
occurred in the past.
 To use the tenses correctly, you must know how to
form the principal parts of verbs.
The Principal Parts of Verbs
The Principal Parts of the Verb Talk
 Present: talk
 Present Participle: (am, is, are, was, were) talking
 Past: talked
 Past Participle: (have, has, had) talked
The
Principal
Parts
of
Verbs
The Principal Parts of Regular Verbs
 Present: most basic form of the verb
 save
 Present Participle: helping verb am, is, are, was, or
were + verb with –ing ending
 am saving
 Past: verb with –ed ending
 saved
 Past Participle: helping verb have, has, or had +
verb with –ed ending
 have saved
The Principal Parts of Verbs
The Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs
 Irregular verbs do not follow the same pattern as regular
verbs when forming the past and past participle.
 You will need to memorize these exceptions.
 When in doubt in your writing, look up the correct way
to form the past and part participle of any verb.
Using Irregular Verbs
To Run
 Present: run
 Present Participle: am
running
 Past: ran (not runned)
 Past Participle: have run
(not have runned)
To Write
 Present: write
 Present Participle: am
writing
 Past: wrote
 Past Participle: have
written
Two Troublesome Irregular Verbs
To Lay
 Present: lay
 Present Participle: am
laying
 Past: laid
 Past Participle: have laid
 Use to mean “to put
something down” or “to
place (something)”
 Almost always followed
by a direct object
 The sailors laid their
uniforms on the bed.
To Lie
 Present: lie
 Present Participle: am
lying
 Past: lay
 Past Participle: have lain
 Use to mean “to rest in a
reclining position” or “to
be situated”
 Never followed by a
direct object
 The sailors lay down on the
narrow bunk.
Two Troublesome Irregular Verbs
To Sit
 Present: sit
 Present Participle: am
sitting
 Past: sat
 Past Participle: have sat
 Use to mean “to be seated”
or “to rest”
 Usually not followed by a
direct object.
 We sat on the floor.
To Set
 Present: set
 Present Participle: am
setting
 Past: set
 Past Participle: have set
 Use to mean “to put
something in a certain
place or position
 Usually followed by a
direct object.
 He set the glasses gingerly
in the sink.
Verb Tenses
 In verbs, the tense shows the time of action or state of
being.
 Use the principal parts of verbs to form the six basic
tenses.
The Basic Verb Tenses
 Present
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I eat pizza often.
I always order from Pizza Hut.
Indicates action that happens over and over.
Principal part: present
Uses no helping verbs.
Verb Tenses
The Basic Verb Tenses
 Past
I ate pizza last night.
I ordered from Pizza Hut.
Indicates action that happened in the past.
Principal part: past
Uses no helping verbs
 Future
 I will eat pizza tonight.
 I will order from Pizza Hut.
 Indicates action that will happen in the future.
 Principal part: present
 Uses helping verb will
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Verb
Tenses
The Perfect Verb Tenses: indicate that an action
has been completed.
 Present Perfect
 I have eaten pizza many times.
 He has ordered from Pizza Hut.
 Indicates action completed often.
 Principal part: past participle
 Uses helping verbs have or has
 Past Perfect
 I had eaten pizza before you called.
 He had ordered from Pizza Hut.
 Indicates action completed in the past.
 Principal part: past participle
 Uses helping verb had
Verb Tenses
The Perfect Verb Tenses: indicate that
an action has been completed.
 Future Perfect
 I will have eaten pizza many times by the end of the year.
 Indicates action that will be completed in the future.
 Principal part: past participle
 Uses helping verbs will and have
Verb
Tenses
The Progressive Forms: indicate an action that is
in progress.
 Present Progressive
I am eating pizza.
He is ordering from Pizza Hut.
Indicates action in process of being completed.
Principal part: present participle
Uses helping verbs am, is, are
 Past Progressive
 I was eating pizza when you called.
 You were ordering from Pizza Hut.
 Indicates action that was in the process of being completed in the past.
 Principal part: present participle
 Uses helping verb was or were
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Verb Tenses
 Future Progressive
 I will be eating pizza for dinner tonight.
 Indicates action that will be in process in the future.
 Principal part: present participle
 Uses helping verbs will and be
Verb Tenses
The Progressive Perfect Forms: indicate completion
of an ongoing action.
 Present Perfect Progressive
I have been eating pizza since I was little.
Indicates action often in the process of being completed.
Principal part: present participle
Uses helping verbs have and been
 Past Perfect Progressive
 I had been eating pizza, but I stopped
 Indicates action was in process, but now is completed.
 Principal part: present participle
 Uses helping verb had and been
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Verb Tenses
 Future Perfect Progressive
 On my net birthday, I will have been eating pizza for
eleven years.
 Indicates action that has been completed before but will
be in progress in the future.
 Principal part: present participle
 Uses helping verbs: will, have, and been
Verb Tenses
Now, why did we just learn all of this?
 Because in your writing, you need to keep your
tenses consistent.
 Choose the best tense for the situation (past,
present, or future) and be consistent throughout the
entire piece.