Transcript Prefixes and Suffixes

Prefixes and Suffixes
Let Us see use of Prefixes and
suffixes

Tri






Trimester (Three part of
year)
Trigonometry
Triad
Tripod (Tipay )
Trident (Trishul )
Trinity (Tridev )

Quad



Quadrant (Fourth part of
circle )
Quadratic
Quadrangle







Penta- Five
Hexa - Six
Septa - Seven
Octa - Eight
Nena - Nine
Deca -- ten
Cento -- Hundred
Prefixes

A prefix comes at the beginning of a word. It adds something
to the meaning.
Here are some common prefixes.

re (= again):

rewrite a letter,

re-enter a room,

remarry


semi (= half):

semi-skilled workers,

a semi-conscious state

mono (= one):

monorail,
monologue
monolingual,
Monogamy
Monotone
Monopoly






multi (= many):

multinational company,
multi-storey car park
Multi-million
Multi-meter




super (= big/more):

a superstore
a superhuman effort
a supersonic aircraft



sub (= under/less):

subnormal intelligence
sub-zero temperatures


mini (= small):

a minibus
a miniskirt
a minicomputer



pre (= before):

Pre-war years
prehistoric times
Pre-science
Pre-school




post (= after):

post-dated cheque
the post- war period


ex (= previously):

ex- wife
ex-Director
Ex-friend
Ex-army man
Ex-student





inter (= between):

inter-city trains
international phone call
Inter-branch advise
Intermediate
Inter-school





trans (= across):

a transatlantic flight,
a heart transplant operation


over (= too much):

overcrowded,
ill from overwork,
an overgrown garden,
overweight




under (= too little):

undercooked food
an understaffed office
underpaid



out (= more/better):

outnumber the opposition,
outplayed their opponents,
outlived both her children



co (= together):

co-exist
a co-production
my co-driver
Co-operative society




pro (= in favour of):

pro-government forces
pro-European policies


anti (= against):

anti-nuclear protestors
anti-aircraft guns
Anti-tank missiles
Anti-corruption beaureau.




mis (= badly/wrongly):

Misuse
Misbehave
Misgovern
miscount
misunderstanding





There are some negative prefixes used to
express an opposite. un:

Unhappy
Unfair
Unofficial
Unemployed
unplug a machine
unpack a suitcase






This is the most common way of expressing an
opposite. in:

Inexact
Independent
Indirect
Inexpert
an injustice





We do not use in before l, m, p or r. We use il, im and ir
instead.

illegal,
Illogical
Immobile
Immoral
Impossible
Impatient
Irrelevant
irresponsible














dis:
Dishonest
Disunited
Disagree
Disappear
Dislike
Disadvantage







non:
non-alcoholic drinks
a non-stop flight
a non-smoker
Non-corrupt
Non-use
Non-vegetarian




de:
defrost a fridge
the depopulation of the countryside
the decentralization of government
Suffixes

change in the vowel Verb + ment:

Payment
Movement
Government
Arrangement
Development





Verb + ion/tion/ation/ition:

correct correction
discuss discussion
produce production
inform information
invite invitation
add addition,
repeat repetition







Verb with d/t sion:

decide decision
permit permission


Verb + ance/ence:

Perform Performance
Accept Acceptance
Exist Existence
Prefer Preference




Adjective in ent ence:

silent silence
Absent absence
intelligent intelligence
Independent independence
Violent violence





Adjective + ty / ity:

Certain certainty
Royal royalty
Stupid stupidity
Nation nationality
Secure security





Adjective + ness

Happy happiness
ill illness
Fresh freshness
Forgetful forgetfulness
Blind blindness





Verb + ing:

Build building
Feel feeling


a Verb + er/or:

Walk walker
Own owner
Build builder
Drive driver
Edit editor





We also use er in nouns for things, especially
machines, e.g.

Compute computer
Mix mixer.


We can use ism to form an abstract noun, e.g.

Journal journalism
National nationalism


Noun/Verb/Adjective + ist:

Journal journalist
motor motorist
Nation nationalist
Tour tourist




Noun + an/ian:

Republican
Electrician
Historian
Musician




Verb + ant/ent:

Applicant
Assistant
Inhabitant
Servant
Student





Most nouns for people can mean either males
or females, so

Friends
Students
doctors
Motorists
etc include both sexes.




If we need to say which sex, we say e.g.

her boy-friend,
female students
women doctors.








Some words to do with family relationships
are different
Father /mother
Brother / Sister
Uncle / Aunt
Nephew / niece
Husband / wife

difference between male/female with

waiter/waitress
Actor / actress
Host / hostess
Steward / stewardess
Prince / princess
Manager / Manageress





Prefixes and meanings




ante-/anti
hyper-/hypo
inter-/intra
Ful /less
before / against
more than / less than normal
between / within
With / without

ance,-ant/-ence,-ent

Words with these endings are difficult to spell and
you’ll always need to be on your guard with them.
Check each word individually when in doubt, but
here are some useful guidelines:

People are generally -ant: attendant, lieutenant,
occupant, sergeant, tenant (but there are
exceptions like superintendent, president,
resident . . . .).
Common noun suffixes





-er is used for persons who does that activity. i.e. writeer , work-er , teach-er , shop-per.
-or is used in some of cases , e.g. operate- operator,
sail-or, act-or, supervise-supervisor.
-er –or are also used for machines working these things,
sharpen – sharpener , bottle – opener , grater , projector.
-er and –ee makes who is doing and who is being done,
employ –employee – employer, Address –addressor –
adddressee , pay payer – payee.
(t)ion is used to make nouns from verbs, complication ,
reduction , pollution , reduction , donation , admission.





-ist ( person ) , or ism for activity or ideology.
Buddhist, Marxism , anarchist , journalist
,journalism , physicist , terrorist .
-ist is also used for people who plays musical
instruments. Pianist , violinist.
-ness used to make noun from adjectives,
Goodness, sadness , readiness ,forgetfulness,
weakness,





-able or –ible means you can do with these
products.
Washable , readable , drinkable ,
Edible , Flexible .
-ize or –ise to make verb from nouns.
Modernise , industrialize , rationalise ,realize ,
Suffixes you can recognize word class
-ment
Excitement , enjoyment ,engagement , replacement
-ity
Flexibility , productivity, scarcity
-hood
Childhood , motherhood
-ship
Friendship , partnership, membership
-ive
Passive , productive , active
-al
Brutal, legal (adj) ,refusal ,arrival (Nouns)
-ous
Delicious ,outrageous, furios
-ful
Forgetful , hopeful, useful
-less
Useless ,harmless , homeless
-fy
Beautify ,terrify , pacify.
Anti
Against
Anti-war , Antisocial , anti-biotic.
Auto
Of or by oneself
Autograph , auto-pilot , Autobiography
Bi
Two
Bicycle, bi-monthly , bi-annual, bilingual.
Ex
former
Ex-wife , Ex-student, Ex-president.
Ex
Out of
Extract , exhale , excommunicate
Micro
Small
Microscope, micro-computer ,microbiology, microwave
Mis
Wrongly – badly
Misinterpret , misunderstand, misinform
mono
One / single
Monotonous, monogamous, monopoly
multi
much
Multi-national , multi-purpose, multi-racial
Over
Too much
Overuse, overdo , oversleep , overeat.
Post
After
Post-colonial , post-mortem , posthumous , post –
graduate , post-war.
Pro
In favour of
Pro-government , pro-revolutionary.
Re
Again
Rework , reuse , redo ,rewind ,retype , replace.
Semi
Half
Semi-circle , semi-conductor, semi-final , semigovernment.
Sub
Under or below
Sub-standard , submarine , sub division, subway.
under
Not enough
Underused ,undercook , under worked.
pseudo
False
Pseudo-secular , pseudo-intellectual.
Verb
Person
noun
Inspect
Inspector
Advertise Advertiser
Deport
Deportee
introduce Introducer
Oppress Oppressor
Compose Composer
Adjective
Abstract noun
Inspecting
Advertising
Deported
Introductory
Oppressive
composite
Inspection
Advertisement
Deportation
introduction
Oppression
Composition
Abstract nouns
Some suffixes used to create abstract nouns
-ment
Achievement ,adjustment , management, amazement ,
discouragement, improvement , replacement ,
retirement .
-ion
Action , collection , combination , illusion ,
imagination , production , reduction.
Aggressiveness , bitterness, Attractiveness ,
carelessness , consciousness , permissiveness ,
tenderness, ugliness.
-ness
-ity
Absurdity, anonymity, curiosity , generosity , hostility
, prosperity , sensitivity.
Abstract nouns
Some suffixes used to create abstract nouns
Hood
Brotherhood , childhood , brotherhood, adulthood ,
neighbourhood , womanhood , manhood , Robinhood
Ship
Apprenticeship , membership , ownership ,
partnership , relationship , companionship
Stardom, boredom , freedom , kingdom , martyrdom ,
wisdom.
Dom
Th
Breadth , length , depth , strength , warmth , width.
Abstract nouns without any change
Anger
Belief
Rage
principle
Faith
Calm
Sight
reason
Luck
chance
Thought
sight
Sense
Humour
Speed
Fear