Transcript deponents - cathyeagle

deponents
Deponent verbs
What are they? How do they
function? What do you need to
know about them?
What is a Deponent Verb?
• Special verbs with passive forms but active
meanings
Secutus est He followed.
Recognize by having only three forms in the vocabulary
listing
----r, ---i,----us sum
conor, conari, conatus sum try deponent
tempto, temptare, temptavi, temptatus try not
deponent
Deponent Imperatives
• For most deponent verbs, take the second
principal part:
– Remove the “I”
– Add “e”
– Will look like an infinitive but translate like a
command
• Conor, conari, conatus sum Conare! Try!
Deponent imperatives for 3rd
conjugation
• For third conjugation deponents:
– Recognize by not having “r” before the “i” on the
second principal part
– Remove the “I”
– Add “ere”
– Example
• Sequor, sequi,secutus sum = sequere Follow!
Active forms for deponents
• Future infinitive
– Secuturum esse to be about to follow
• Present participle
– Sequens, sequentis following
• Future Participle
– Secuturus, -a, -um about to follow
• Gerund
– Sequendum following
• Perfect Participle
– Secutus, -a, -um having followed
First Conjugation Vocabulary list for
deponents
Hortor, hortari, hortatus sum urge, encourage
• Arbitror, -ari, -atus sum
think
• Conor, -ari, -atus sum
try
• Miror, -ari, -atus sum
wonder
• Moror, -ari, -atus sum
delay
• Recordor, -ari, -atus sum
recall
• Vagor,-ari, -atus sum
wander
• Osculor, -ari, -atus sum
kiss
Second conjugation
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Fateor, fateri, fassus sum
confess
Confiteor, confiteri, confessus sum confess
Polliceor, polliceri, pollicitus sum promise
Vereor, vereri, veritus sum
fear
Third conjugation
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Loquor, loqui, locutus sum speak
Nanciscor, nancisci, nactus sum find, obtain
Nascor, nasci, natus sum
be born
Proficiscor, profisci, profectus sum set out
Sequor, sequi, secutus sum
follow
Utor, uti, usus sum
use
Third conjugation
• Collabor, collabi, collapsus sum collapse
• Consequor, consequi, consecutus sum catch
up to, overtake
3rd io conjugation
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Gradior, gradi, gressus sum walk
Egredior, egredi, egressus sum go out, leave
Morior, mori, mortuus sum
die
Patior, pati, passus sum
endure, suffer
Ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum go in, enter
Regredior, regredi, regressus sum go back, return
Fourth conjugation
• Experior, experiri, expertus sum test, try
• Orior, oriri, ortus sum
rise
• Potior, potiri, potitus sum
get
possession of
Deponent verbs
• You will usually translate it correctly because it
won’t make sense otherwise.
• Will not be used with ablative of personal
agent (a,ab plus ablative)
– Ingredior villam a via. I am entering the house
from the street.
• I am being entered the house by the street. makes no
sense.
Semi-Deponent Verbs
A small group of verbs which are deponent only the the
perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses
Three principal parts
-o, -e, -us sum
Most commonly used semi-deponents are
audeo, audere*, ausus sum dare
gaudeo, gaudere*, gavisus sum rejoice
soleo, solere*, solitus sum be accustomed
Deponents 2
• They have a perfect active participle which is
really useful. Normal verbs don’t have this.
– i.e. Caesar, ausus negare senatum, fiat dictator
• Caesar, having dared to deny the senate, became
dictator.
• Ausus because it is semi-deponent is translated actively
(having dared) when a regular verb would only have a
perfect passive participle (having been dared) which
completely changes your sentence