Transcript I. Prepositional Phrases Help to clarify precisely what happened

Help to clarify precisely what
happened, where, or in what
order (when).
After conducting the marriage
ceremony, Captain Carl sailed to the
Antarctic with his crew.
Prepositional Phrases consist of a preposition,
its object, and any modifiers of the object.
I shiver in a frozen sleeping bag. The inside fur is a
mass of ice, congealed from my breath. One creeps into
the bag, zips up with half frozen fingers, and hears the
crackling of the ice. Drops of thawing ice fall on one’s
head. Then comes a fit of shivers.
Prepositional Phrases consist of a preposition,
its object, and any modifiers of the object.
location time
Common Prepositions
what/
other relationship
About
Before
During
Off
Toward
Above
Behind
Except
On
Under
Across
Below
For
Out
Underneath
After
Beneath
From
Outside
Until
Against
Beside
In
Over
Unto
Along
Between
Inside
Past
Up
Among
Beyond
Into
Since
Upon
Around
But
Like
Through
With
As
By
Near
Throughout
Within
At
Down
Of
to
Without
Adjective Phrases: Phrases that modify
nouns or pronouns
Then comes a fit of shivers.
Adverb Phrases: Phrases that modify
verbs, adjectives, or adverbs
Carl shivered in a frozen sleeping
bag.
Appositive Phrases
A noun or pronoun that
identifies or renames
another noun or
pronoun in a sentence.
Example:
The English biologist Dian
Fossey wrote about eyewitness
accounts of gorillas.
Fossey studied the mountain gorilla, an
endangered species. Icarus, one of the gorillas Fossey
studied, was the only member of his group who was not
afraid of her at first. The group included two silverbacks,
elder males whose fur had turned a silver color. The
silverback Beethoven weighed about 350 pounds and
was probably around 40 years old. Fossey wrote about
Beethoven and the other gorillas in her only book,
Gorillas in the Mist.
Comparing Interrupters
APPOSITIVES
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Tell which one;
clarify; incl. verb
Influenza, a silent Influenza is a disease
stalker, looms on
which looms on
often-touched
often-touched
surfaces, waiting to surfaces, waiting to
infect its next
infect its next
victim.
victim.
Rename the noun
Independent & Subordinate Clauses
a group of words that contains a subject and a verb
Expresses a complete
thought and can stand
alone as a complete
sentence
Does not express a
complete thought and
cannot stand alone as a
sentence
Independent & Subordinate Clauses
Practice: Identify the italicized words as independent or
subordinate clauses.
1. Before you sign up for a vacation trip, read the fine print.
2. Most tour companies are responsible operators.
3. However, travelers must agree to their terms and
conditions.
4. Whenever you see the word “liability,” read the text
carefully.
5. Pay attention to the details as you read.
Types of Subordinate Clauses
A subordinate clause used
as an adjective to modify a
noun or pronoun
A subordinate clause that
modifies a verb, and
adjective, or another adverb
subordinate clause that is used as a noun in a
sentence