Transcript Sentence Combining

Sentence Structure
and
Combining
The Simple Sentence
A sentence will…
•Express a complete thought.
•It can stand alone.
•Contains a subject and a predicate.
A subject and predicate may be a single word or a group of words.
The SUBJECT tells who or what the sentence is about including
modifiers (such as adjectives & prepositional phrases).
The PREDICATE (VERB/PHRASE) tells something about the SUBJECT
including modifiers, object, and compliments..
The Simple Sentence
• A simple or BASIC sentence will have a
subject and a verb (subject and predicate).
EXAMPLES
Charles went to the park.
Laura saw a huge bear.
The squirrel ate the food.
Complete Subjects & Predicates
The complete subject of a sentence tells what the
sentence is about. It may be one word or many words.
• The boy from Michigan is the world geography
champion. (underlined phrase is complete subject)
• He knew the answer to every question they asked him.
(underlined word is the complete subject)
The complete predicate tells what the subject is or
does. It may be one word or many words.
• He knew the answer to every question they asked him.
(What did he know? Underlined is the complete predicate)
• The young student won. (What did the young student do?
Underlined is the complete predicate.)
RECOGNIZING THE
COMPLETE SUBJECT
AND
PREDICATE
Notice, that the complete subject is most always the
information that comes prior to the predicate.
Notice, that the complete predicate is most always the
information that follows the verb.
Subjects and Predicates
Example ONE
• John drove his truck to the Canadian border.
drove = Predicate
John = Subject
Complete predicate =
drove his truck to the
Canadian border
Simple Subject
• The Simple Subject tells WHAT or WHOM
the sentence is about.
Chad, my next door neighbor, went to the store
to buy some apples.
Simple Subject Complete Subject
The Complete Subject tells about the WHOLE subject of
the sentence.
Simple Predicate
• The Simple Predicate tells about the Subject—just
the basics
John ran down the rocky trail.
Complete Predicate
Simple Predicate = ran
I grabbed the bull by the horns.
Complete Predicate
Simple Predicate = grabbed
REMEMBER
The Basic Sentence
• All a sentence needs to have to be complete is a
SUBJECT and a PREDICATE (verb)…no matter
how big or small it is.
I ran.
She walked.
The bird hopped.
The dog growled.
He yelled.
She cried.
The man sat.
Whiteboard Practice
Number from 1 – 5
Write down the simple subject and the predicate.
Remember when the subject is a proper noun, write
the entire proper noun. If a helping verb is present,
include the helping verb with the predicate.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nobel created a fund for prizes for outstanding achievement.
Nobel Prize winners are called Nobel Laureates.
The Dalai Lama has also won the Peace Prize.
Each prize carries a cash award and worldwide recognition.
Winners in literature have included Octavio Paz from
Mexico.
• Kathy saw a humongous alligator in the
ditch yesterday.
Simple Predicate
Subject
Now YOU write 2 simple sentences.
Partner Trade
• Circle the Subject
• Underline the Predicate
Compound Subject
• A sentence has a compound subject if there
is more than one subject mentioned in the
sentence
Example: John and Joan went on a day long hike near
Crater Lake.
John, Joan = Compound
Subjects
Now write 2 Compound Subject sentences.
Compound Predicate
• Andy went to the store and bought some
gum.
Compound
Predicate = two
verbs
Compound Predicate
Now write 2 Compound Predicate sentences.
Just What are
FANBOYS?
Or
Boyfans
• Coordinating Conjunctions—they join two
words or sentences together.
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
The Compound Sentence
•
A compound sentence consists of two independents
clauses (sentences) joined together by FANBOYS
• (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) or a SEMICOLON.
John went to the store.
, and
h
He bought some apples.
John went to the store, and he bought some apples.
NOTICE: THE COMMA ( , ) COMES BEFORE
THE COORDINATING CONJUNCTION.
Examples
• Laura wanted to go shopping, but she
decided to stay home instead.
• Doug stayed at home all day long, for he
didn’t like to deal with crowds.
• Andy’s girlfriend was in Austria for six
months, so he was pretty bummed out.
Now write three Compound Sentences on
your own using whiteboard.
Use 3 different FANBOYS.
Semicolons
John went to the store; he bought some apples.
s
She walked home from school. She missed the bus.
;
He drove the car all through the night; he had to get home.
Advanced Moves
3 Sentences Connected
THE MAXIMUM SENTENCES THAT CAN
BE CONNECTED TOGETHER ARE
THREE!!!!! You can only use a FANBOY
one time and a semicolon one time.
•I wanted a glass of water from the well, but I
didn’t have a glass; I was so thirsty.
•Mr. J was really upset; he didn’t have his jelly
donut this morning, for he was late to work by
an hour.
3 Types of Sentence Problems
• Fragments
• Run-ons
• Comma Splice
Sentence Fragment
• Does not make sense.
• Is missing a subject or a predicate.
• Cannot “stand alone.”
No
Walking down by the muddy river.
Subject?
Alice, my next door neighbor and best friend.
No Predicate
Laughing at the clown sitting on the camel.
No Subject or Predicate
Run-on Sentences/Comma Splice
• A RUN-ON
•
SENTENCE connects two sentences
together without using FANBOYS or a SEMICOLON.
A Comma Splice uses only a comma to separate two
sentences (it is supposed to be a comma and a FANBOYS)
John walked down to the creek, he was going fishing.
Comma Splice
Andy saw a wild dog it almost attacked him.
Run-on
She is a really nice person, she reminds me of my mother.
Comma Splice
Independent Clause
• Is another name for a SIMPLE SENTENCE
John walked down the dusty road.
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
• Is another name for a FRAGMENT…joined
to an independent clause it has a purpose.
While Ms. Wines stepped outside, the students put their hands
in the air like they just don’t care.
Dependant/Subordinate
Clause
• Is a basically a Sentence Fragment that is
connected to an Independent Clause.
– A subordinating conjunction is sometimes called "a heart
word" because it turns two clauses into one. Even though both clauses
contain a subject and verb, one becomes dependent on the other and
cannot stand alone. One clause becomes the explaining idea for the
main idea.
While watching the geese fly overhead, Jamie realized
that he had forgot his camera.
Dependant Clause
OR
Independent Clause
Jamie realized that he had forgot his camera, while
watching the geese fly overhead.
Dependant Clause cont.
• Sitting down to a nice cool glass of
lemonade, I was thankful for a break.
• James yelled at her for being late, even
though it wasn’t her fault.
• We played word games after dinner while
the kids played basketball outside.
• The game, which we like best, is called
Sequence.
Complex Sentence
• A complex sentence consists of one (1)
independent clause and one (1) or more
dependent clauses.
Dependent Clause
Example: Since Mickey Mouse is so popular,
I don’t think that Olaf will get much press
after the movie release. Independent clause
SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
Types of Subordinating Conjunctions
• Dependent clauses are introduced by a subordinator (subordinating
conjunction), which serves to indicate the dependent status of the clause
combined with an independent clause. A dependent clause is usually more
informative than the clause it depends on.
• Formally, subordinating conjunctions can be grouped as follows:
– Simple conjunctions: when, whenever, where, wherever, because, if,
unless, until, while, as, although
– Conjunctive groups: as if, as though, even if, even though, even when,
soon after, no sooner
– Complex conjunctions: there are three (3) subclasses:
• (1) derived from verbs . . .: provided (that), granted (that), considering
(that), seeing (that), suppose (that), supposing (that), so (that)
• (2) containing a noun: in case, in the event that, to the extent that, in
spite of the fact that, the day, the way
• (3) adverbial: so/as long as, as soon as, so/as far as, much as, now
(that)"
MostCommonSubordinating
Conjunctions
after
how
till ( or 'til)
although
if
unless
as
inasmuch
until
as if
in order that
when
as long as
lest
whenever
as much as
now that
where
as soon as
provided (that)
wherever
as though
since
while
because
so that
before
than
even if
that
even though
though
Complex Sentences
How to punctuate them
• If the subordinating conjunction comes at the
beginning of the sentence – a comma comes at
the end of the dependent clause.
• Wrong – Even though I would rather go to
the beach I went to the library to study.
• Right – Even though I would rather go to
the beach, I went to the library to study.
Complex Sentences
How to punctuate them
• If the subordinating conjunction comes in the middle
or at the end of the sentence – no comma is required
unless the clause expresses contrast (although, while,
whereas).
– Wrong – School is not all about studying,
since there are lots of clubs and fun activities on
campus.
– Right – School is not all about studying since there
are lots of clubs and fun activities on campus.
Complex Sentences
• Now Create 3 Complex Sentences
– 1 with a dependent clause at the beginning of
the sentence
– 1 with a dependent clause in the middle
– 1 at the end of the sentence
Compound-Complex
Sentences
• A compound complex sentence consists of a
dependent clause (or more than one dependent
clause) as well as two (2) independent clauses
(compound sentence).
Dependent clause
– Before I went to California, I was sick with a
cold, and I ended up with bronchitis to finish up the
week.
2 Independent clauses
Compound Sentence
Four Types of
Sentences
• Simple: It was John’s turn at bat.
• Compound: John hit the ball, and it flew over the
fence.
• Complex: Because he is such a great baseball
player, we always pick John to be on our team.
• Compound-Complex: Until the third
installment of the Maze Runner series comes out, the
well-being or death of the participants will be
unknown, and movie-goers will remain in the dark.
Three Types of
Sentence Problems
• Fragment: Just the other day.
• Run-on: I like vanilla ice cream my
brother does too.
• Comma Splice: I wish it was my
birthday, I want to get a new mountain bike.
Ways to fix them
• Make sure you have a Subject and a
Predicate.
• Use FANBOYS or SEMICOLONS
– Remember! When you join independent
clauses in a compound sentence or with a
semicolon, the information in the sentence must
be closely related.
• Use commas to set off
dependant/subordinate clauses to clear away
any confusion.
Different Types of Sentences
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_3Zk
oAcrUU