Transcript Chapter 1B notesx

Leçon 1B
En Classe
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un crayon
un sac à dos
une fenêtre
une horloge
une carte
un livre
un cahier
un stylo
une feuille de papier
une chaise
une corbeille (à papier)
un dictionnaire
une porte
une calculatrice
une montre
En classe
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pencil
backpack
window
clock
map
book
notebook
pen
sheet of paper
chair
wastebasket
dictionary
door
calculator
watch
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une bibliothèque
un lycée
une salle de classe
une différence
un problème
un résultat
un (e) camarade de chambre
un (e) camarade de classe
une classe
un copain (une copine)
un (e) élève
une femme
une fille
un homme
un garçon
En classe
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high school
classroom
difference
problem
result
roommate
classmate
class (group of students)
friend
pupil, student
woman
girl
man
boy
Identifier
• Qui est-ce?
• Quoi?
• Who is it?
• What?
Qu’est-ce qu’un Français typique?
What is your idea of a typical Frenchman?
France is a multicultural society with no single, national ethnicity. While the
majority of French people are of Celtic or Latin descent, France has significant
North and West African (ex. Algeria, Morocco, Senegal) and Asian (ex. Vietnam,
Laos, Cambodia) populations as well. Long a terre d’accueil (a land welcoming
newcomers), France today has over eleven million foreigners and immigrants. Even
as France has maintained a strong concept of its culture through the preservation of
its language, history, and traditions, French culture has been ultimately enriched by
the contributions of its immigrant populations. Each region of the country also has
its own traditions, folklore, and often, its own language. Regional languages, such
as Provençal, Breton, and Basque, are still spoken in some areas, but the official
language is, of course, French.
Immigrants in France by country birth
Le Monde Francophone
Many francophone countries are multilingual, some with several official languages.
Switzerland: German, French, Italian, and Romansh are all official languages.
German is spoken by about 74% of the population and French by about 21%. Italian
and Romansh speakers together account for about 5% of the country’s population.
Belgium: There are three official languages: French, Dutch, and German. Wallon,
the local variety of French, is used by one-third of the population. Flemish, spoken
primarily in the north, is used by roughly two-thirds of Belgians.
Morocco: Classical Arabic is the official language, but most people speak the
Moroccan dialect of Arabic. Berber is spoken by 10 million people, and French
remains Morocco’s unofficial third language.
Superdupont
Superdupont is an ultra-French superhero in a popular comic strip parodying French
nationalism. The protector of all things French, he battles the secret enemy
organization Anti-France, whose agents speak anti-français, a mixture of English,
Spanish, Italian, Russian, and German. Superdupont embodies just about every
French stereotype imaginable. For example, the name Dupont, much like Smith in
the USA, is extremely common in France. In addition to his béret and moustache,
he wears a blue, white, and red belt around his waist representing le drapeau
français (the French flag). Physically, he is overweight and has red nose-signs that
he appreciates rich French food and wine. Finally, on his arm is un coq (a rooster),
the national symbol of France. The Latin word for rooster (gallus) also means
“inhabitant of Gaul” as France used to be called.
Subjects and Verbs
• In English, sentences have a subject and a verb. The
subject is the person or thing that is doing the action or that
is being described. The verb is the action word, like jump or
sing, or a linking word, like are or is, that links the subject
to a description.
Ex. Denise sings well.
Ex. Simon is blond.
• French sentences also have a subject and a verb!
Ex. Denise chante bien.
Ex. Simon est blond.
• Both English and French use nouns as subjects. Nouns can
be replaced by pronouns.
Ex. Denise is a friend. She is fifteen years old.
Ex. Denise est une amie. Elle a quinze ans.
Les sujets (subject pronouns)
Subject Pronouns replace a noun that is the subject of the sentence.
Ex. Paul parle français. Paul speaks French.
Il parle français. He speaks French.
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
1st person singular: je (i),
1st person plural: nous (we)
2nd person singular: tu (you)
2nd person plural: vous (you)
3rd person singular: il (he), elle (she) 3rd person plural: ils (they-male)/ elles (they-female)
and on (one) (people in general)
Singular Pronouns (je, tu, il/elle/on) refer to one person or object.
Plural Pronouns (nous, vous, ils/elles) refer to two or more people or objects.
Faites attention!!! (Pay Attention)
Je becomes j’ before a verb beginning with a vowel sound.
Ex. J’ai 15 ans
I am 15 years old.
il vs. elle
- il is used for people or things that are masculine.
Ex. Paul= il.
Paul is English
Paul est (is) anglais.
- elle is used for people or things that are feminine.
Ex. Marie= elle
Marie is American.
Marie est (is) américaine.
Ils vs elles
The French have two ways of saying they
1. ils refers to two or more males or to a mixed group of males and
females.
Ex. Paul et Marc = ils
2. elles refers to two or more females.
Ex. Annie et Sophie = elles
3. Be careful- even if there are more females than males you still must
use the subject “ils” if there is at least one boy!
Annie, Marie, Caroline, et Marc= ils
Ils ou elles??
Should you use ils or elles?
1. Les filles
elles
2. Les garçons
ils
3. Marc et Stephanie
ils
4. des ordinateurs (m.)
ils
5. Les classes (f.)
elles
tu vs. vous
Notice:
tu = you
vous = you
• When talking or asking a questing to ONE person, the French have two ways of
saying you :
tu (familiar/informal you): is used to talk to someone your own age (or younger) or
to a member of your family.
vous (formal you): is used when talking to anyone else.
• When talking to TWO or more people, the French use vous.
Tu ou Vous??
Should you use tu or vous?
1. to address your teacher?
vous
2. to address a classmate?
tu
3. to address your grandmother?
vous
4. to address your principal?
vous
5. to address 5 of your friends?
vous
On
The subject pronoun On refers to people in general, just as the
English subject pronouns one, they, or you sometimes do. On can
also mean we in casual style but it always takes the same verb
form as il or elle.
Ex. En France, on parle français.
In France, they speak French.
In France, one speaks French.
In France, we speak French.
Nous vs. Vous
1. Marie et moi (me) Marie and I
Nous
2. Marie et toi (you)  Marie and you
Vous
Le verbe être
être  the infinitive form (hasn’t been conjugated yet)
Être (to be) is the most frequently used verb in French. Here are
the following forms:
je suis
I am
singular
tu es
you are
il/elle/on est
he/she is
nous sommes we are
plural
vous êtes
you are
ils/elles sont
they are
The verb être (to be) is IRREGULAR because its forms do
not follow a predictable pattern.
Examples
Conjugate the following verbs:
1. Je __________ (être) à Paris.
Je suis à Paris.
2. Tu __________ (être) timide.
Tu es timide.
3. Nous _________ (être) sympathiques.
Nous sommes sympathiques.
4. Elle __________ (être) polie.
Elle est polite.
5. Il ___________ (être) charmant.
Il est charmant.
Le verbe être- Négatif
To express something in the negative use ne…pas around the
verb.
Ex#1: Elle n’est pas élégante.
She is not elegant.
Notice: The ne…pas goes around the verb.
Ex #2: Je ne suis pas timide.
I am not shy.
What is an adjective?
Adjectives describe people, places,
and things (nouns).
Les Adjectifs
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agréable
amusant (e)
brillant (e)
charmant (e)
désagréable
différent (e)
difficile
égoïste
élégant (e)
impatient(e)
important (e)
indépendant (e)
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pleasant
fun
bright
charming
unpleasant
different
difficult
selfish
elegant
impatient
important
independent
Les Adjectifs
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intelligent (e)
intéressant (e)
occupé (e)
optimiste
patient (e)
pessimiste
poli (e)
réservé (e)
sincère
sociable
sympathique (sympa)
timide
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intelligent
interesting
busy
optimistic
patient
pessimistic
polite
reserved
sincere
sociable
nice
shy
Masculin et Féminin
-Masculine adjectives are used with masculine nouns.
-Masculine adjectives do not change. Ex. Amusant
How do we know when a noun is masculine?
Look for masculine articles before the noun: le, un, il/ils or a
male person
Ex. #1: Paul est _______ (intelligent)
“Paul” is masculine, therefore intelligent (adjective) is
masculine too.
Ex. #2: Le professeur est ________ (élégant)
“le professeur” is masculine, therefore élégant (adjective)
is masculine too.
Masculin et Féminin
- Feminine adjectives are used with feminine nouns.
How do we know when a noun is feminine?
Look for feminine articles before the noun: la, une,
elle/elles or a female person.
Feminine: Regular Adjectives
-Regular Adjectives are formed by adding an
“e” to the masculine adjective.
Ex.#1: Elle est _________(intéressant)
“Elle” is feminine therefore intéressante needs
an “e” at the end !
Ex. #2: La personne est ______ (brillant)
We know that “personne” is feminine because we
have the article “la” in front of it therefore
brillante needs an “e” at the end!
EXCEPTION!!!
Exception: If the masculine adjective already ends in “e” then there is no
change to the feminine form.
Ex. #1: Jacques est ________ (timide)
Notice this noun is masculine (Jacques) but the adjective already has an
“e” at the end. So “timide” stays the same.
Ex. #2: Marie est _________ (timide)
Notice that the noun (marie) is feminine but the adjective stays the same,
I do not add an extra “e”. So “timide” stays the same.
BUT…. When an adjective ends in an accent aigu (é) add the letter “e”
to make the word feminine.
Ex#3: La femme est occupée.
The woman is busy.
Les Adjectifs: Le pluriel
- Plural adjectives can be used to describe masculine or feminine nouns.
How do we know when a noun is plural?
- Look for plural articles before the noun; les, des, elles/ils, and people.
- Add an “s” to the singular adjective to make it plural and change “est” to “sont”
Ex. #1: Paul et Pierre sont __________ (intelligent).
Paul and Pierre are masculine nouns. There are two of them therefore you need to
use sont instead of est and you need to add a “s” to the end of the adjective.
Ex #2: Elles sont ______________ (amusant)
The subject “Elles” tells use that there are two female people and therefore you
need to use “sont” instead of “est” and you need to add an “e” because they are
feminine and a ‘s” because they are plural.
Les Adjectifs: Le pluriel
Ex. #3: Suzanne et Céline sont _________ (intelligent)
Suzanne and Celine are feminine nouns. There are
two of them therefore you need to use sont instead
of est. You also need to add an “e” because they
are feminine and an “s” because they are plural.
Singulier:
Plural:
Masc:
Fem:
petit
petits
petite
petites
La Place des adjectifs
In French, adjectives usually come AFTER the noun they modify.
article + noun + adjective
Ex. Ce sont des élèves brillantes.
Ex. Ce sont des copains intéressants.
La nationalité
Quelle est ta nationalité? Quelle est votre nationalité?
What is your nationality?
Je suis de nationalité canadienne.
I’m of Canadian nationality.
Ou (or)
Tu es de quelle origine?
Vous êtes de quelle origine?
What is your heritage?
Je suis d’origine italienne.
I am of Italian heritage.
La nationalité
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anglais(e)
français(e)
japonais(e)
chinois(e)
américain(e)
mexicain(e)
québécois (e)
marocain (e)
canadien(canadienne)
algérien (algérienne)
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English
French
Japanese
Chinese
American
Mexican
From Quebec
Moroccan
Canadian
Algerian
La nationalité
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italien (italienne)
martiniquais (e)
sénégalais (e)
suisse
russe
espagnol(e)
allemand(e)
vietnamien (vietnamienne)
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Italian
from Martinique
Senegalese
Swiss
Russian
Spanish
German
Vietnamese
Notice: In French there are no capital letters when you
talk about nationalities!
Le Pluriel
If the masculine adjective already ends in an “s” you do
not need to add another one.
Ex. #1: Claude et Robert sont ______(français)
Answer: français
BUT you still need to add an “e” and “s” when you are
making this adjective feminine and plural.
Ex. #1: Chantal et Christine sont ______ (français)
Answer: françaises (irregular)
Les Questions
On est d’où?
Where is one from?
Je suis de Canada.
I am from Canada
Nous sommes d’États-Unis.
We are from the United States.
Tu es comment?
What are you like?
Je suis poli et sympathique
il/elle est ou c’est?
Ex.#1: Il est
Il est+ adjective
he is… (Marc)
elle est + adjective
Il est amusant.
Ex. #2:Ils sont they are… (Marc & Paul)
Ils sont amusants.
Ex.#3: Elle est she is… (Julie)
Elle est amusante.
Ex.#4: Elles sont they are… (Julie & Eve)
Elles sont amusantes.
Ex.#5: un livre it is… (un sac)
Ex.#6: une télé it is… (une télé)
Il est grand (big)
Elles sont grandes.
il/elle est ou c’est?
Remarquez…
Ex#1:Il est professeur.
He’s a teacher.
Notice, you cannot use an article before a profession after il/elle
est and ils/elles sont.
Ex. #2: Elle est chanteuse.
She’s a singer.
Notice in the French language, you don’t use the article “une”.
Ex #3: Elles sont actrices.
They are actresses.
C’est
C’est + article + noun + (adjective) or
C’est + article +adjective + noun
**“C’est” is used when you have a noun!! Look for an article!
Ex.#1: C’est un homme gentil. (he is)
homme is the noun.
Ex.#2: C’est une fille mignonne. (she is) fille = noun
Ex.#3: C’est une chaise. (it is)
chaise=noun.
Plural:
C’est becomes ce sont
Un/une becomes des
Ex.#3: Ce sont des camarades gentils. (they are)
Négative: Ce n’est pas
Ex.#1: Ce n’est pas (he’s not) un garçon intelligent.
Ex.#2: Ce n’est pas (it’s not) une montre.
C’est
C’est is also used with names of people!
Ex. #1: C’est Michelle (it is)
Ex. #2: C’est Madame Spadafora
il/elle est ou c’est?
Il/elle est ou ils/elles sont
C’est ou ce sont
Singular: il est ou elle est
Négatif: il n’est pas ou elle n’est pas
Plural: ils sont ou elles sont
Négatif: ils ne sont pas ou elles ne sont pas
Singular: C’est
Négatif: Ce n’est pas
Plural: Ce sont
Négatif: Ce ne sont pas
USE:
1. Adjectives
2. Professions
USE:
1. When you see an article
(un, une, des)
2. Names
il/elle est ou c’est?
Ex #1: __________ moderne.
Elle est
Ex #2: __________ intelligents.
Ils sont
Ex #3: __________ Céline.
C’est
Ex #4: ____________ acteur.
Il est
Ex. #5: ____________ des bureaux.
Ce sont
The French
language is
spoken on 5
continents. It’s
the official
language of
NATO, United
Nations,
European Nation,
and the Olympic
Games. It’s the
second most
popular language
(behind English)
taught in the
world.
Le Monde Francophone
Nombre de pays où le français est la langue officielle: 28
Nombre de pays où le français est parlé: plus de 60
Nombre de francophones dans le monde: 200 000 000
Les villes des pays français:
Algérie: Alger Laos: Vientiane Cameroun: Yaoundé
Mali: Bamako France: Paris
Rwanda: Kigali
Guinée: Conakry
Seychelles: Victoria
Haïti: Port-au-Prince Suisse: Berne
French is one of the official languages of UNESCO, which is the United Nations
Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO builds classrooms
in impoverished countries, and also brings nations together in regards to social
issues.
Francophones célèbres
Marie Curie (1867-1934): Pologne. Received the Nobel Prize for the
discovery of radioactivity and the isolation of radium.
René Magritte (1898-1967): Beligue. Was one of the most prominent
surrealist painters.
Ousmane Sembène: (1923-2007): Sénégal. Is considered one of the founders
of the African realist tradition and the first Africain to produce film.
Jean Reno: (1948-) France. Has played a variety of roles in French and
American films.
Céline Dion: (1968-) Québec. Has received Grammy awards in the USA,
Juno and Felix awards in Canada, and World Music Awards in Europe for
her vocal talents.
Marie-José Pérec (1968-) Gaudeloupe. Is the first sprinter to win
consecutive gold medals in the 400-meter dash.
La société- Le français au Québec
Since Jacques Cartier arrived in the Gaspé and claimed the land for the
French king in 1534, the people of Quebec have maintained their language
and culture, despite being outnumbered and surrounded by English
speakers. French became an official language of Canada in 1867.
Les gens- Les francophones d’Algérie
Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, but French is still taught from
primary school through high school. French is principally used in business relations,
some social situations, and in the information industries. Some newspapers, as well
as several television and radio broadcasts, are produced in French.
Les destinations- La Louisiane
The early settlers of Louisiana came from France and Acadian (now Nova Scotia and
adjacent areas) during the 17th and 18th centuries. The Acadian settlers were descendents
of French Canadians who were exiled from Acadia by the English and eventually settled
in the bayou region. Cajun French evolved over time bringing terms from American
Indian, German, English, African, and Spanish speakers.
Les Traditions- La journée international de la Francophonie
The members of l’Organisation international de la Francophonie comprise 63 states and
governments. The celebrations in the various Francophone regions take place throughout
the month of March. The name 20 mars was chosen to commemorate the signature of a
treaty which created l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie.