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Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Surankote
Poonch (J&K)
Presentation by
Kamal Kumar, PGT English
Past Tenses
Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect
Continuous
Simple Past Tense :- Uses

To talk about finished actions in the past:
One action after the other:
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
An action that happened in a certain situation.


“She opened the door, turned on the lights and entered the room”
“The car knocked the child down when he was crossing the road”
A short action finished in the past (you indicate when it
happened with an adverb of Time):


“Yesterday, I arrived at home too late”.
A finished actions that takes a long period of time
(indicated in the sentese):

“I lived in Britain when I was young”
Simple Past Tense :- Structures
 Past
Simple:
Affirmative : Subject + Verb-II
 Negative : Subject + did not/didn’t + Verb(basic form)
 Interrogative : Did + Subject + Verb (basic form)

Examples :
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We ate many apples.
I did not go to Madras last week.
Did you fly kites yesterday ?
Did she not sing a sweet song ?
Past Continuous Tense :- Uses

To talk about an action in progress in the past:
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To express the situation in which action happened in the past:


“The little kid was crossing the road when a car knocked him down”
To talk about the context in which the events of a story happened:


“At midday last Sunday, I was working with my laptop”
“It was getting dark, the sun was beginning to hide behind the hills. Suddenly, a
strange red light appeared in the sky”
To talk about two actions that were taking place simultaneously in the past:

“My wife was cooking food while I was busy with my computer.”
Past Continuous Tense:- Structures
 Past

Continuous:
Affirmative : Subject + was/were + Verb-ing
 Negative
: Subject + was/were + not (wasn’t/weren’t)
+Verb-ing
 Interrogative : Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing ?
Examples :
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I was looking at the bridge.
We were not making a noise.
Was the train moving ?
Was he lying in bed due to sickness?
Past Perfect Tense :- Uses.

To express a finished action that took place before another
completed action in the past.
Past Simple
Future
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Present
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

“My family had already arrived before I left”.
“After we had finished dinner, we got ready to go out.”
“When the police arrived, the murderer had killed everyone”.
“By the time we met, I had eaten all the packets of chips”
Past Perfect Tense: Structures
 Past

Perfect Simple
Affirmative : Subject + had + Verb-III
 Negative: Subject
+ had + not (hadn’t)+ Verb-III
 Interrogative: Had + Subject + Verb-III ?
Examples :
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
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I had finished my homework.
We had not revised our lesson.
Had she not deceived me ?
Had you not received his letter after a week ?
Past Perfect Conti Tense: Uses & Stru

Uses : to show how long something was done for by a certain
time.

Past Simple:

Affirmative : Subject + had been + Verb-I+ing + since/for + time clause.

Negative: Subject + had not + been + Verb-I+ing + since / for + time clause.
Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + Verb-I+ing + since/for + time clause.

Examples :
 I had been reading the book since morning.
 We had not been swimming in the river since 4 PM.
 Had She been preparing food for 2 hours ?
 Had they not been laughing for 20 minutes ?
Practice Exercise :
Make all 16 sentences using the above structures for
each of the sentence :a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
I took a cup of tea.
We went to the market.
You completed your homework.
He ate his lunch.
I came late in the class.
They worked hard to pass the examination.
It rained.
Rahul showed me his paitings.
She sang a song in the morning assembly.
Someone stole my pen.
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I went to market last week.
We sang a song in the annual day celebration.
Did the leaf not fall from the tree ?


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I was watching a movie.
He was riding a horse.
Were they doing their homework ?
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He had passed the examination in 1995.
The train had not left the station.
Had she made a lot of noise in the meeting ?
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They had been working since morning.
He had been teaching for 2 hours.
Had it been drizzling since 5 O’clock ?
TENSE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
ADVERBS AND
EXPRESSIONS
PRESENT
SIMPLE
I play football
He plays football
I do not / don’t play
football
He does not /
doesn’t play football
Do I play football?
Does he play
football?
sometimes
never
always
often
rarely
everyday
on+day of the
week
at weekends
PRESENT
CONTINU
OUS
I am playing
football
He is playing
football
I am not / I’m not
playing football
He is not / isn’t
playing football
Am I intelligent?
Is he intelligent?
now
right now
at the moment
today
TENSE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
ADVERBS AND
EXPRESSIONS
PAST
SIMPLE
I played
football
I went to the
cinema (2nd
column)
I did not / didn’t
play football
I did not / didn’t go
to the cinema
Did I play
football?
Did I go to the
cinema?
yesterday
last (+day,
month…)
(days,
months…) +ago
when
PAST
CONTI.
He was playing
football
They were
playing football
He was not / He
wasn’t playing
football
They were not /
weren’t playing
football
Was he
intelligent?
Were they
intelligent?
at (+time)
while
as
TENSE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
PAST
SIMPLE
I played football
I went to the cinema
(2nd column)
I did not / didn’t play
football
I did not / didn’t go
to the cinema
Did I play
football?
Did I go to the
cinema?
yesterday
last (+day,
month…)
(days, months…)
+ago
when
I have played
football
He has played
football
I have not / haven’t
played football
He has not / hasn’t
played football
Have I played
football?
Has he played
football?
ever
never
just
since
for
already
yet
PRESENT
PERFECT
INTERROGATIVE
ADVERBS AND
EXPRESSIONS
TENSE
AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE
(WILL)
She will go to the
cinema
She will not /won’t go
to the cinema
Will she go to the
cinema?
tomorrow
next (+week,
month…)
think
believe
predict
hope
He is going to
study Maths at
university
He is not / isn’t going
to study Maths at
university
Is he going to study
Maths at
university?
tomorrow
next (+week,
month…)
I’m sure
plan
decide
FUTURE
(BE GOING
TO)
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
ADVERBS AND
EXPRESSIONS
A.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense:
The train .......... (arrive) an hour ago.
She .......... (read) at the moment.
..........(watch) TV when the phone .......... (ring).
He .......... (just / finish) all his exams.
I .......... (know) John since we were at school.
I .......... (not watch) television every night.
The people .......... (clap) while the singer .......... (sing).
I think they .......... (be) very happy together.
They .......... (not / reply) to our question yet.
..........(You work) now?
She .......... (see) her parents every week.
I .......... (not study) at the moment.
..........(she / play) tennis at weekends?
They’ve made plans for the campaign. They .......... design) posters.
We .......... (go) to the concert when we .......... (see) the accident.
Tom .......... (just / finish) his book.
I .......... (never / be) to South America.
How long .......... (you / study) English?
People believe that global warming .......... (get) worse.
She’s decided that she
.......... (give)
them a thousand pounds.
B. Write the correct auxiliary verb:am,is,are,was,were,do,does,did,have,has,will.
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He ………. playing the guitar at the moment.
Jackie ………. lived in Paris for a few months.
Which sports ………. he like?
They ………. travelled all over the world.
Peter ………. going to fly to London next Thursday.
Do you think the current government ………. change soon?
Jane ………. doing her homework when I came home last night.
When ………. you arrive last night?
I ………. watching TV right now.
They ………. listening to the radio at the moment.
………. you ever been to Rome?
She ………. just finished her homework.
They ………. go to New York next summer.
We ………. having lunch when they arrived.
I ……….. not go to the cinema yesterday.
………. You ever met someone famous?
I ………. having coffee when she arrived.
I think she ………. pass her exams.
We’ve made plans for the summer. We ………. going to travel around the world.
What time ………. you arrive tonight?