Transcript Editing for Grammar and Punctuation

MODULE 16
Editing for Grammar and Punctuation
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights
reserved.
Module 16
Skills to
• Use standard edited English
• Correct common grammatical errors
• Use punctuation correctly
• Mark errors as you proofread
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Module 16 Outline
• What grammatical errors should I focus on?
• How can I fix sentence errors?
• When should I use commas?
• What punctuation should I use inside sentences?
• What do I use when I quote sources?
• How should I write numbers and dates?
• How do I mark errors I find when proofreading?
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Editing for Grammar and Punctuation
Seven Common Grammatical Errors
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Subject-verb agreement
Noun-pronoun agreement
Pronoun case
Dangling modifiers
Misplaced modifiers
Parallelism
Predication errors
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Editing for Grammar and Punctuation
Sentence Concerns
–Learn to recognize:
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main/independent clauses
subordinate/dependent clauses
phrases
comma splices
run-ons
sentence fragments
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Editing for Grammar and Punctuation
Comma Concerns
–Know how to use commas:
• after introductory clauses
• around non-essential clauses
• after the first clause in a compound
sentence
• To separate items in a series
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Editing for Grammar and Punctuation
– Do not use commas:
• To separate essential information
• To separate the subject from the verb
• To join independent clauses without a
conjunction
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Understanding Common Punctuation Marks
Period:
We’re stopping.
Semicolon:
Next is another complete
thought, closely related to what I
just said.
Colon:
Next is an illustration, an
example, or a qualification.
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Understanding Common Punctuation Marks
Dash:
Next is a dramatic example or shift
from what I just said.
Comma: What comes next is a slight turn, but
we’re going in the same direction.
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Quoting Research Sources
Know when to use
• “Quotation Marks”
• [Square Brackets]
• Ellipses . . .
• Underlining and Italics
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.
Numbers & Dates
Spell out numbers from one to nine
• Exceptions: Money & numbers in a series
with at least one number 10 or greater.
Use numerals for 10 and greater
• Exception: Numbers at the beginning of
sentences.
Use numbers for the day and year in
dates.
©2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All
rights reserved.