Transcript The Sentence

English Grammar
Sentence Basics
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The Sentence
is a group of words
expressing a complete thought.
expressing
Every
sentence has two essential parts:
and
The subject part of a sentence The predicate part of a sentence
is the who or what that the
tells what the subject does, is, or
sentence is about.
is like.
The flower bloomed.
Bob painted.
The girls on the team were all
good students.
Bill told everyone
about the wreck.
Mary is sad.
Sue is a piano player.
The simple subject is
the main word in the
complete subject.
The four new students
arrived early.
Simple subject
students
The complete
subject is the main
word and all its
modifiers.
Complete subject The four new
students
The simple predicate, or
verb, is the main word or
group of words in the
complete predicate.
Sara’s sister took us
bowling yesterday.
Simple predicate took
The complete
predicate is the verb
and all its modifiers.
Complete Predicate took us
bowling yesterday
Eight Parts of Speech
Nouns
Interjections
Adjectives
Conjunctions
• shows the relationship
between nouns and pronouns in a
sentence.
•A prepositional phrase is a modifier
and acts as an adjective or an adverb.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
The preposition
never stands alone!
object of
preposition
preposition
object
You can press those leaves under glass.
can have more than
one object
Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news.
object can have modifiers
It happened during the last examination.
Glory, Glory, Hallelujah…
Nouns or
pronouns
 Prepositions come in phrases.
 The phrases always end with objects.
 Prepositions never work alone,
 Or they are called adverbs!
prep
noun =op
He hid(behind the tree.
)
adv. prep. ph.
To find the object,
say the preposition
and ask the
questions whom?
or what?
The answer is
your object.
Hurry before you get left behind.
adv
Some Common Prepositions
Sung to the tune of “Yankee Doodle”
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
as
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but (except)
by
down
during
except
for
from
in
inside
into
like
of
off
on
onto
out
outside
over
past
since
than
through
throughout
to
toward
under
underneath
until
up
upon
with
within
without
The conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words
or groups of words.
or
but
The interjection
is an exclamatory word that expresses
emotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that
sunset!
Word that names
A
Person
A
Place
 A Thing
 An Idea
Noun Functions
Subject
Indirect
Object
Object of
Preposition
Predicate
Nominative
Direct Object
Appositive
•common/proper
•plural/singular
•concrete/abstract
•collective/compound
•gerund
Indefinite Pronouns
anybody
each
either
none
someone, one, etc.
Relative Pronouns
who
whom
whose
which
what
that
Modifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Did you lose your address
book?
Is that a wool sweater?
Just give me five minutes.
Answers these questions:
A word that expresses action or a
state of being.
“be” verbs
&
taste
feel
sound
look
appear
become
seem
grow
remain
stay
Kinds of Verbs

Action verbs express
mental or physical
action.

He rode the horse to
victory.
Linking verbs make a
statement by linking the
subject to a word that
describes what it is or is
like.
A linking verb is a form of
be: am, is, are, was, were,
be, been, being…

He has been sick.
Modifies or describes
a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb.
Answers the questions:
He ran quickly.
She left yesterday.
We went there.
It was too hot!
To what degree or how much?
Every sentence must have
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a
The “who” or the
“what” that the
sentence is
about!
=
noun or pronoun
1. Mrs. Felton shuffled the papers on her desk.
2. Mrs. Walker teaches eighth and ninth grades.
3. Mrs. McMath is a caring teacher.
The part of the
sentence that
tells what the
subject “does”,
“is”, or “is like”!
=
action or linking
verb
4. Mrs. Woods is very organized.
A clause is a group of related words
containing a subject and a verb.
It is different from a phrase in that a phrase does
not include BOTH a subject and a verb relationship.
Is every sentence a clause?
YES, but
Is every clause a sentence?
Independent vs. Dependent?
Independent: A clause that can stand by itself and still make
sense.
 An independent clause could be its own sentence.
 Independent clauses are sometimes called essential
clauses.
Dependent: A clause that cannot stand by itself. It depends on
something else, an independent clause, for its meaning.
 A dependent clause trying to stand by itself would be a
sentence fragment.
Dependent clauses are sometimes called subordinate or
nonessential clauses.
Independent (ind), Dependent (dep),
or Phrase (ph)?
Read each group of words as a statement not a question.
____
ph after the game
dep
_____ who call
dep
____ after we win
ph when the sun
____
_____
ind please call
ph
_____
in the morning
dep
____ which is now
_____ because I said so
dep
dep
____ before you go
_____ if you say so
dep
ind
____ Sam arrives late
_____
ind he is nice
dep
____ when Sam arrives
ph
_____
winning the game
ph is falling
____
ind she called me
_____
TPS: Compare and contrast dep. clauses, ind.
clauses, and phrases?
Sentence Patterns
 Subject + action verb
 Subject + action verb + direct object
 Subject + action verb + indirect object +
direct object
 Subject + linking verb
 Subject + linking verb + predicate adjective
 Subject + linking verb + predicate nominative
That’s all for now. . .
More Later
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Appositive = a noun or pronoun that follows a
noun and identifies or renames it.
1
The first man on the moon
.
was born in
Wapakoneta, Ohio.
• He was Neil Armstrong.
2 Mr. and Mrs. Kelly have
. bought a new car.
•
They're our neighbors.
3 Meteors are often called
. shooting stars.
•
Meteors are chunks of
metal or stone.
The first man on the moon, Neil
1 Armstrong, was born in
Wapokoneta, Ohio.
Mr. and Mrs. Kelly, our
2 neighbors, have bought a new
car.
Meteors, chunks of metal or
3 stone, are often called shooting
stars.
Pronoun case after as, than.
Look at the following two sentences.
•You respect Professor Morrow more than I.
•You respect Professor Morrow more than me.
Depending on the meaning, either choice could be
correct. If the writer means You respect Professor
Morrow more than I (respect Professor Morrow), then
the first sentence is correct. If the writer means You
respect Professor Morrow more than (you respect) me,
then the second sentence is correct.
The key to choosing the right
pronoun case is to supply mentally
the missing part of the clause.
Did you work as hard as they? ( worked)
I like Ed better than he. ( likes Ed)
I like Ed better than him. (than I like him)
They are smarter than we. ( are)