8 Parts of speech
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Transcript 8 Parts of speech
Grammar
8 parts of speech
1. Noun
Person, place, thing or
idea
Proper or common
Abstract or concrete
Collective
Proper & common nouns
Proper nouns name particular
people, places, or things.
These are capitalized
Ann, Montana, Sears Tower
Common nouns are not
capitalized
woman, street, building
Pronoun
Used in place of a noun or
more than one noun
Be careful to avoid unreferenced
or ambiguous pronouns
It was a beautiful day.
Jenny was arguing with
Paula, and she looked
unhappy.
“It” and “she” do not have clear
antecedents in the above sentences.
Adjective
Used to modify a noun or
pronoun
What kind
Which one
How many
Adjectives need not precede the
modified word
The rat, large and ugly, sat gazing
at the corn field.
Adjectives that modify the
subject of the sentence may
follow the verb (called a
predicate adjective). These only
occur with being/linking verbs.
Bethany is homely.
“Homely” is a predicate adjective.
The most commonly used
adjectives are a, an, and
the. They are often called
articles.
Verb
A word that expresses
action or state of being
Action verbs that take an
object are called transitive
verbs
The rain lashed the windows.
An intransitive verb takes no
object
The rain fell.
Linking or being verbs
suggest a state or condition
Being verbs – is, am, are, was,
were, be, being, been (others)
Linking verbs – appear, become,
feel, grow, look, remain, seem
(others)
Mildred looks very angry.
The verb phrase is made up of a
main verb and one or more
helping verbs.
has played, should have paid, will
be coming, must have been hurt
Adverb
Used to modify verbs and
adjectives, or other adverbs
Tells how, when, where, or to
what extent (how often/how
much)
Modifying a verb
Theresa reads quickly.
Thomas can really skate.
My parents left yesterday.
Modifying an adjective
Bart is an incredibly intense
competitor.
I couldn’t tell if the unbelievably
ugly dog was coming or going.
Modifying another adverb
She swam very fast.
Sean fell terribly hard on the
ice.
Preposition
Used to show the relation
of a noun or pronoun to
some other word in the
sentence.
ALWAYS occurs in a phrase
The phrase, as a whole,
operates as an adjective or
adverb
The noun or pronoun (in the
definition) is called the object
of the preposition
A short list of prepositions:
About, above, across, after, at,
in, by, into, of, on, over, since,
through, throughout, to, toward,
under, until, up, upon, with,
before, beside, among, around,
from, for, like, since, between
The first person (in the pool)
wins the race.
“in the pool” tells which person
I edited the article (for the
magazine).
“for the magazine” tells which
article
Conjunction
Joins words or groups of
words
Coordinating conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions join
two equal “things”
and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
Joan and Tarren are the best
musicians in our school.
The cougar turned and ran
through the yard.
Cattle or swine remain the only
critters raised in this county.
Correlative conjunctions
always occur in pairs – either/or,
neither/nor, both/and, not only/but
(also), whether/or
His act was neither interesting nor
exciting.
Either come help me in the kitchen
or go clean the garage.
Subordinating conjunctions
Used to begin subordinate
clauses, usually adverb clauses.
This computer is even better
than we had anticipated.
I will do it myself since you
can’t help me.
Interjection
Expresses emotion and has
no grammatical relation to
other words in the sentence
Oh!
Hurry! Wow! Ouch!
Don’t panic yet !
We will deal with this in
small chunks, and only to
a certain depth.