Transcript Chpt5_fragmentsw

Tell Your Story
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Underline each SUBJECT
Highlight each VERB
Cross out each PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASE – see pg 41
Prepare – you could be asked to read it
aloud!
Developing Paragraphs:
Illustration
Chapter 18, pg 352
Illustration
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Examples
A method of developing an idea by
providing one or more instances of that
idea.
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To provide a list of brief examples w/out a
particular grouping
To provide a list of brief examples arranged
into groups
To select one item and develop it fully
Where can we find examples?
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Personal experience/knowledge
Imagination
Interviews and surveys
Outside research
Look @ pg 354-355, read Exercise 1.
What kind of illustration is each?
Exercise 1, pg 354-355
1.
Type of illustration?
1.
2.
Type of illustration?
1.
3.
Information from a survey (Survey
Hypothetical example (Imagination)
Type of illustration?
1.
Example from personal experience
(Personal Experience)
Exercise 2, pg 355
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Give EXAMPLES of deception (lies) in
advertising…
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List
Specific examples
Story of…
What order should I put my
example(s) in? pg 356
1.
2.
3.
4.
Story? Time-order (first, then, next)
Several descriptive examples?
Spatial order (left to right, top to bottom)
Logical order
If no order seems necessary, put your
strongest or most important example
last.
Assignment
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Turn to pg 682 – “Why don’t these
women just leave?”
Choose a partner – HIGHLIGHT HER
EXAMPLES
Decide which Illustration/Example is
MOST important.
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Highlight that example
You must both agree
Then join me…
Homework
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Do the exercises and activities up to pg
362.
For your journal assignment, CHOOSE
one ASSIGNMENT from pgs 363-366.
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Write a illustrative paragraph about one of
the topics suggested.
You will be graded on…
Understanding Fragments and
Phrases
Making Sure Your
Sentences Are Complete
Chapter 5, pg 78
Fragments
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Like a sentence but doesn’t have one of
these:
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SUBJECT
VERB
A COMPLETE THOUGHT
Talking in fragments
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Many times, when we speak, we use
fragments.
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By the context, we can tell what the other
person means.
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Doug: Had any test results yet?
Nelida: Nothing statistically significant.
Doug: Not good.
Nelida: Back to step one.
Talking in fragments
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However, when we write (unless we are
directly quoting a conversation), we
need to formalize the writing.
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By the context, we can tell what the other
person means.
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Doug: Have you had any test results yet?
Nelida: The results weren’t statistically
significant.
Doug: That is not good.
Nelida: We will have to go back to step one.
SO What is a Fragment?
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The subject is missing.
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The verb is missing
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the hunter in the woods
Both subject and verb are missing
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is setting the trap
in the woods
All parts present but not a complete
thought
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The hunter set
How do you correct a
fragment? Pg 81
1.
2.
Add the missing parts!
Join the fragment to the sentence
where it belongs.
Exercise 2, pg 81-82
to the
1. returned
We returned
to sea
the (add
sea. a subject)
2.
on the
(add a verb)
2. Aa bird was
onoak
thebranch
oak branch.
3.
between
thebetween
island and
mainland
3. We
swam
thethe
island
and the
(add
a subj. and a verb)
mainland.
4.
the hawk
a soaring
motionmotion.
(add a verb.
4. The
hawk in
flew
in a soaring
5. the fishing boats in the harbor (verb)
5. The fishing boats were in the harbor.
1.
Exercise 2, pg 82
6. It
dropped
a stone
water.
dropped
likelike
a stone
intointo
thethe
water.
7. The
the crescent
crescent moon
moon (verb)
rose.
8.
thecarried
fish to the
the fish
treeto
(subj)
8. carried
The hawk
the tree.
9.
put (complete
9 +the
10.fisherman
The fisherman
put the the
fishthough).
into
10.the
intonet.
the net (add a subj and a verb)
What is a Phrase?
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A phrase is a group of words belonging
together but lacking one or more of the
three elements necessary for a
sentence.
Phrases
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(pg 83)
Noun phrase – a noun with all of its modifiers
Prepositional phrase – a preposition+ its modifiers
Verb phrase – a main verb with its helping verbs/modifiers
Infinitive phrase – the word “to”+verb + other words
completing the phrase.
Participial Phrase – a present or past participle and the other
words that complete the phrase.
Gerund phrase – present participle and the other words that
complete the phrase
Phrases
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There are 6 types of phrases.
We are going to skip over them and focus on
fragments. (We will come back to phrases,
don’t worry)
Turn to page 92
Exercise 13, pg 92
Early
morning
time of
of peace
peace in
in my
my
1. 1.Early
morning
is aa time
neighborhood.
neighborhood.
1.
What’s it missing? (verb)
Thegray
graymist
mistcovers
covering
upbut
all but
2.2.The
up all
the the
faint
faint outlines
of nearby
outlines
of nearby
houses.houses.
1.
What’s it missing?
Exercise 13, pg 92
Thebarely
shapes
of cars
theshapes
streetsofand
3. 3.
I can
make
outinthe
driveways
cars
in the streets and driveways
1.
What’s it missing? Verb and possibly
subject!
4. Often if I have the time, I sit and look
4.out
Tothe
sit window.
and look out the window
1.
What’s it missing? Subject!
Test 2, pg 95
afternoon
fullchildren.
of children.
ThatThat
afternoon
was was
full of
Taking a
Taking
a shower
in the
rain.
Soaping
shower
in the
rain, they
were
soaping
themselves
rushing
out into
the to
themselves
and and
rushing
out into
the storm
Tosuds.
washInoffa the
In ait few
washstorm.
off the
few suds.
minutes
was all
it was
over. Including
the
over,minutes
including
the all
rubdown.
The younger
rubdown.
The younger
took their
children
took their
showers children
naked. They
showers
naked.
on and
the tips of
teetered
on the
tips Teetering
of their toes
their toes
andanother.
squealing at one another.
squealing
at one
How To Check for Fragments
Put the words “It is clear that …” in front of the
possible fragment. Does it make sense? If so, it’s a
complete sentence.
EXAMPLE:
It is difficult. Fragment or sentence?
It’s clear that it is difficult. (Makes sense, so not a
fragment.)
Because it is difficult. Fragment or sentence?
It’s clear that because it is difficult. (?? Doesn’t
make sense so is a fragment.)
Watch Out for a Common Trap!
Just because you write a lot of
words, you don’t necessarily have
a complete sentence.
Although I have tried many ways to get
an “A”, such as paying off the professor
and offering to carry her books to class
each day and assuring her that I love my
writing class more than life itself.
FRAGMENT! You haven’t finished the “although”
idea, so you haven’t finished your thought.
But you knew that, because you
remembered that…
…a sentence is not complete or correct,
unless
It has a subject;
• it has a verb,
• and it expresses a
completed idea.
•
A note about words
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A word is just a word until it performs a
function in a sentence.
Some words can be used as nouns,
adjectives, prepositions, interjections
AND verbs!
Focus less on the word itself and MORE
on the job it does in a sentence.
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Describes a noun? Its an ADJECTIVE!
Performs the action? Is the SUBJECT!
Is the action? It’s a VERB! Wewt!
Phrases: Pg 84
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Phrases formed with VERBS that don’t
function as Verbs!
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Infinitive phrase (to + verb)
Participial phrase (verb+ as adjective)
Gerund phrase (noun formed from a verb -such as the
`-ing' form of an English verb when used as a noun)
Phrases: Pg 84
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Infinitive phrases
Multiple words that function as a noun
Infinitive
continue this argument would be
Phrase  To
________________________
useless.
 She began to
move gracefully. Infinitive
__________________
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Phrase
Infinitive or Prepositional?
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An Infinitive is the basic form of a verb
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"To jump“
"To ask“
A prepositional phrase describes time,
location, possession (where, when,
and whose)
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"In“
"Over“
"Around"
"Beside"
Practice, pg 85
INF 1.
PP
2.
INF
3.
INF
4.
PP
5.
I stopped by his office to say goodbye.
The trail of evidence led directly to him.
We were lucky to have discovered his
fraudulent activities.
The manager had forced him to tell the
truth.
His leaving will be a relief to the staff.
Participial Phrase
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Uses a participle (the –ing form of a
verb) to perform the function of an
adjective in a sentence
Base verb + ing
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Run
+ ing
Running
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Subject Verb
Running home, he
__ cried
____ to his mom!
________
Infinitive
Phrase
Participial Phrase
Subject
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Verb
________
_____ ___
Running home, the worker
lost her
wallet. Infinitive
Phrase
Subject Verb
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Looking
very unhappy, ___
she _______
retraced her
____________
steps. Infinitive Phrase
Subject
Verb
Greatly disappointed, she
not find
____________
___ could
___________
Infinitive Phrase
it.
Subject
Verb
_______
Told
tearfully, the story
____ saddened
________ her.
Infinitive Phrase
Gerund phrase
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Using the present participle (verb+ing)
as a NOUN
Verb
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Long distance running is
_ a strenuous
____________
exercise. Gerund phrase as SUBJECT
Subj Verb
I ___
like _____________
long-distance running.
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Gerund phrase as object.
Practice, pg 86
P 1.
G 2.
G 3.
P 4.
P 5.
Standing totally still, the child hoped
the bee would fly away.
Playing the violin is not easy.
The athlete will try deep-sea diving.
Waiting patiently, we ordered
something to drink.
Edited slowly and carefully, the essay
was much improved
Exercise 4 pg 86-87
In the past, play was usually
Prepos. unsupervised.
2. Parents seldom made “play dates” for
Verb
their
children.
phrase
3. Playing on the street or in a vacant lot
Gerund was the norm.
4. Expecting to be entertained, children
Participial today often complain about being
phrase bored
1.
Exercise 4 pg 86-87
5. They depend on video games to
infinitive
structure their time.
6. Parents are spending money on too
Verb phr many movies and video games.
Prep 7. What is wrong with boredom?
8. Blessed with restless energy, children
could find more creative ways to play
Participial phrase
Present Participle: 3 Functions
When can I use –ing?
1.
Verb!Subject
1.
2.
The _____
student ________
was taking an exam.
Participial Phrase!
1.
3.
Verb
Verb
Taking an exam, the student
felt stressed.
_____ ___
Gerund
Phrase!
Subject
1.
Subject
Verb
Taking
an exam can
be stressful.
___________
_____
Homework
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Journal 5 – Illustration
Chapter 5 – do what you need to
Chapter 18 – do what you need to
RWS “My Heroes” pg 634