Transcript IPPTModule014

Editing for
Grammar
and
Punctuation
Module Fourteen
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
LO 14-1 Apply strategies for professional
image creation with grammar and
mechanics.
LO 14-2 Apply principles for common
grammatical error correction.
LO 14-3 Apply principles for sentence error
correction.
LO 14-4 Evaluate situations for comma use.
14-2
Learning Objectives
LO 14-5 Apply principles for punctuation use
inside sentences.
LO 14-6 Apply principles for source quotation.
LO 14-7 Apply principles for number and
date use.
LO 14-8 Apply standard proofreading marks
throughout the writing process.
14-3
Creating a Professional Image
 Many business
leaders see good
grammar and
mechanics as
essential to creating
effective messages—
and to demonstrating
quality.
14-4
Creating a Professional Image
 Errors can create a negative image of the writer.
 Occasionally, errors in grammar and punctuation
hide the writer’s meaning.
 Don’t try to fix errors in your first and second
drafts.
 Most writers make a small number of grammatical
errors repeatedly.
14-5
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
Subject-Verb
agreement
Nounpronoun
agreement
Case
Dangling and
Misplaced
Modifier
Parallel
Structure
Predication
Errors
14-6
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
Subjects and verbs agree when they are
both singular or both plural.
 Incorrect: The accountants who conducted the
audit was recommended highly.
 Correct: The accountants who conducted the
audit were recommended highly.
14-7
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
Errors in noun–pronoun agreement occur if a
pronoun is of a different number or person than
the word it refers to.
Incorrect: All drivers of leased automobiles are
billed $100 if damages to his automobile are
caused by a collision.
Correct: All drivers of leased automobiles are billed
$100 if damages to their automobiles are caused
by collisions.
14-8
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
Use reflexive and intensive pronouns (the form
with self or selves ) to refer to or emphasize a
noun or pronoun that has already appeared in
the sentence.
Incorrect: Elaine and myself will follow up on this
order.
Correct: Elaine and I will follow up on this order.
14-9
The Case of the Personal Pronoun
14-10
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
 Modifiers are words
or phrases that give
more information
about the subject,
verb, or object in a
clause.
 A modifier dangles
when the word it
modifies is not
actually in the
sentence.
14-11
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
Dangling Modifier
 Incorrect: Confirming our conversation, the truck
will leave Monday.
[The speaker is doing the confirming. But the
speaker isn’t in the sentence.]
 Correct: As I told you, the truck will leave Monday.
14-12
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
A misplaced modifier appears to modify
another element of the sentence than the
writer intended.
Incorrect: Customers who complain often alert us
to changes we need to make.
Correct: Often, customers who complain alert us to
changes we need to make.
14-13
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
Items in a series or list must have the same
grammatical structure.
Not parallel: In the second month of your internship,
you will
1. Learn how to resolve customers’ complaints.
2. Supervision of desk staff.
3. Interns will help plan store displays.
14-14
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
Parallel: In the second month of your
internship, you will
1. Learn how to resolve customers’
complaints.
2. Supervise desk staff.
3. Plan store displays.
14-15
What grammatical errors do I need
to be able to fix?
The predicate of a sentence must fit
grammatically and logically with the subject.
Incorrect: The reason for this change is because the
SEC now requires fuller disclosure.
Correct: The reason for this change is that the SEC
now requires fuller disclosure.
14-16
How can I fix sentence errors?
 Main clause
 a complete statement
 Subordinate or
dependent clause
 contains both a
subject and verb but is
not a complete
statement and cannot
stand by itself
14-17
How can I fix sentence errors?
Comma
splices
Run-on
sentences
Fused
sentences
Sentence
fragments
14-18
Should I put a comma every place
I’d take a breath?
 When you move from the subject to the verb,
you’re going in a straight line; no comma is
needed
 When you end an introductory phrase or
clause, the comma tells readers the
introduction is over and you’re turning to the
main clause.
14-19
What Punctuation Tells the Reader
14-20
What do I use when I quote sources?
Use quotation marks around:
the names of brochures, pamphlets, and magazine
articles
words to indicate that you think the term is
misleading
words that you are discussing as words
words or sentences that you quote from someone
else
14-21
What do I use when I quote sources?
 Use square brackets to add your own additions
to or changes in quoted material.
 Use ellipses to indicate that one or more words
have been omitted in the middle of quoted
material.
 Underline or italicize words to emphasize
them
14-22
How should I write numbers
and dates?
 Spell out numbers from one to nine.
 Always use figures for amounts of money
 In dates, use numbers for the day and year.
14-23
Proofreading Symbols
14-24
Marked Text
14-25