Transcript The Phrase

The Phrase
Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases
(Chapter 3)
What is a phrase?
• A group of related words that is used as
a single part of speech and that does not
contain both a verb and its subject.
– Prepositional Phrase: for you and her (no
subject or verb)
– Infinitive Phrase: to be the best (no subject)
• Note: a group of words that has both a subject and a
verb is called a clause.
Common Prepositions (p.70)
aboard
about
above
absent
across
after
Against
Ahead of
along
amid
amidst
among
anti
around
As
As far as
As well as
At
atop
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
By
By means of
concerning
considering
despite
down
During
Due to
except
excepting
excluding
following
for
from
in
In addition to
In case of
In spite of
In place of
Inside
instead
into
Like
mid
minus
Near
Next
Next to
of
off
on
onto
opposite
outside
over
past
per
Plus
Prior to
regarding
Round
save
since
than
Through
till
to
toward
towards
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
versus
via
with
within
without
Prepositional Phrase
• Includes a preposition, the
object of the preposition, and
any modifiers of that object
– A koala is a marsupial, a mammal
with an external abdominal
pouch.
– To me a koala looks like a cuddly
teddy bear.
– A koala’s diet consist mainly of
eucalyptus leaves.
– Koalas, along with several other
marsupials, are native to
Australia.
– They are usually found hanging
around in trees.
Adjective Phrase (1/3)
• A prepositional phrase that modifies a
noun or a pronoun is called an adjective
phrase
– We ordered a bowl of salsa and a basket of
tortilla chips.
– No one in the class has seen the movie yet.
– The chair in the corner is broken.
Adjective Phrase (2/3)
• Two or more adjective phrases may modify
the same noun or pronoun.
– The chair on the floor in the corner is broken.
– The clothes on sale in that store are
irregular.
Adjective Phrase (3/3)
• An adjective phrase may also modify the
object of another prepositional phrase
– The trees in the park near the fence were
planted a long time ago.
– The phone on the wall by the door is broken.
Assignment
• Complete Ex. 1; p.112
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Write the sentences!
Skip lines
Underline the adjective phrase
Draw a line from the adjective phrase to
the word (s) it modifies
Adverb Phrase (1/2)
• A prepositional phrase that modifies a
verb, and adjective or an adverb is called
an adverb phrase
– The mole burrowed under the lawn.
– The ship sank into the sea.
– Tom slept through the entire play.
Adverb Phrases (2/2)
• Adverb phrases tell when, where, why,
how, or to what extent (how much, how
long, how far)
– He glanced out the window.
– We won the game by two points.
– Most musicians play for tips.
– We traveled across country by train.
Identify
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Rembrandt is well known as a painter of
self-portraits.
The rain fell on the roof.
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese
bombed Pearl Harbor.
Alcatraz was a prison on an island off the
coast of San Francisco.
The back of our storage shed is filled
with junk.
Assignment
• Rev. A; p.115
– Complete the sentence with a phrase
– At the end of the sentence, identify the
phrase as either and adjective or an
adverb phrase
Verbals & Verbal Phrases
• Verbals are formed from verbs and
are used as adjectives, nouns, or
adverbs. The three kinds of verbals
are
– Participle
– Gerund
– Infinitive
Participle
• A verb form that can be used as an
adjective
– The crowd gave the band a standing
ovation.
– That cabin is equipped with running
water.
Present Participle
• Present participles end in –ing
– The smiling graduates posed for the
photographer.
– The truck dumped the trash into the
gapping whole.
Past Participle
• Most past participles end in –d or –
ed. Some are form irregularly.
– Baked chicken is a very healthy meal.
– For years the treasure remained hidden
under tons of fallen rock.
Participle Phrase
• Consists of a participle and any modifiers or
complements the participle has. The entire phrase
is used as an adjective.
– Climbing the tree the monkey disappeared in the
branches.
– Voted back into office, the mayor thank his supporters.
– Afraid of the consequences, Tom refused to admit his
guilt.
– Ms. Jones ran from the mouse screaming at the top of
her lungs.
Assignment
• Complete Rev. B; p.119
– Write the sentences
– Skip lines
– Underline the participle/participle
phrase
– Draw an arrow from the participle to
the word (s) it modifies
Gerund
• A gerund is a verb from that ends in –ing
and that is used as a noun.
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Reading will improve your vocabulary.
Running is good exercise
Many people enjoy swimming.
We went bowling last night.
– Note: Gerunds are nouns; they do not modify anything!
Gerund Phrase
• A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and
any modifiers or complements the gerund
has. The entire phrase is used as a noun.
– The sudden shattering of glass broke the
silence.
– Mowing the lawn is my least favorite chore.
– I enjoy hiking through the woods.
– I lost weight by eating healthier foods.
Infinitive
• An infinitive is a verb form that can be
used as a noun, and adjective, or an
adverb. Most infinitives begin with –to.
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His dream is to travel. (noun)
Betty wants to act. (noun)
George is the candidate to believe. (adj.)
Grandmother is coming to visit. (adv.)
Infinitive Phrase
• An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and
any modifiers or complements the infinitive has.
The entire phrase can be used as a noun,
adjective, or an adverb.
– It is very difficult to hit a curve ball solidly. (noun)
– His efforts to trace his ancestry led to greater
appreciation of his heritage. (adj.)
– His plan to cheat on his final exam was thwarted when
the teacher changed the test. (adj.)
– I found his explanation difficult to accept completely.
(adv.)
Assignment
• Rev. C; p.126
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Write the sentences
Skip lines
Underline the verbal/verbal phrase
Identify the verbal
Appositive/Appositive
Phrase
• An appositive is a noun or pronoun
placed beside another noun or
pronoun to identify or describe it
– My cousin Craig is my best friend.
– Tom, our quarterback, will miss the
game this weekend.
– The Millers live on Woodlawn Lane, a
narrow street with no side walk.
Assignment
• Ex. 10; p.128
– Write the sentences
– Skip lines
– Underline the appositive/appositive
phrase
– Draw a line to the word (s) it identifies
or describes