Transcript nun
I-Nun: Imperfect and Related Forms I-Nun: Imperfect and Related Forms The two verbs נָפַ לand נָסַ עrepresent the changes that occur to I- נverbs in the imperfect inflection. 3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3mp 3fp 2mp 2fp 1cp To write To fall To journey יִכְ ּתׁב ִּתכְ ּתׁב ִּתכְ ּתׁב ִּתכְ ְּת ִבי אֶ כְ ּתׁב יִכְ ְּתבּו ִָּתכְ ּתׁ ְבנ ה ִּתכְ ְּתבּו ִָּתכְ ּתׁ ְבנ ה נִ כְ ּתׁב יִּפׁל ִּתּפׁל ִּתּפׁל ִּת ְּפ ִלי אֶ ּפׁל יִ ְּפלּו ִּתּפׁ ְל ָנ ה ִּת ְּפלּו ִָּתּפׁ ְלנ ה נִ ּפׁל יִסַּ ע ִּתסַּ ע ִּתסַּ ע ִּת ְס ִעי אֶ סַּ ע י ְִסעּו ִּתסַּ ְענה ִּת ְסעּו ִּתסַּ ְענה נִ סַּ ע נפַּ לis a נסַּ עis a patakh. In the imperfect, the stem vowel of holem while the stem vowel of In the latter verb form, the ayin attracts the patakh, hence the second root consonant vowel is a patakh. When inflected for the imperfect, the nun assimilates into the second root consonant and manifests itself as a dagesh. In some cases, the second root consonant is not doubled with a dagesh even though the nun has been assimilated. This occurs only when the second root consonant is followed by a shewa, as in ִּת ְס ִעיand ִּת ְסעּו I-Nun: Imperfect and Related Forms Compare the following imperfect and imperative forms of נפַּ לand נסַּ ע. Imperfect 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp ִּתּפׁל ִּת ְּפ ִלי ִּת ְּפלּו ְִָּתּפׁל נה Imperative you will fall you will fall you will fall you will fall נְ פׁל נִ ְפ ִלי נִ ְפלּו ָנְ פׁ ְלנ ה (you) fall! (you) fall! (you) fall! (you) fall! ( סַּ עyou) journey! ִּתסַּ עyou will journey 2fs ( ְס ִעיyou) journey! ִּת ְס ִעיyou will journey 2mp ( ְסעּוyou) journey! ִּת ְסעּוyou will journey ָ ִּתסַּ ְענyou will The imperative the journey first root consonant 2fpform of נפַּ לmaintains ענהnun. ְ ַּ( סyou) journey! ה The imperative form of נסַּ עdrops the first root consonant nun and does not assimilate it into the second root 2ms consonant. When the nun is dropped instead of being assimilated into the second root consonant, the imperative is considered a short form. I-Nun: Imperfect and Related Forms Most I- נverbs follow the strong infinitive construct form studied in Lesson 28. A few I- נverbs also have a shortened infinitive construct form. Compare the following strong and short infinitive construct forms. to touch/strike to set out/journey to raise/lift up Verb Strong Form Short Form נגַּע נסַּ ע שא ֹ נ ַָּנְ גֹ ע ַָּנְ סֹ ע נְ ש ֹא גַּעַּ ת סַּ עַּ ת ּׂשאֵ ת Each I- nun verb with a patakh stem vowel has both a strong and short form. Recognition of the tav ending on the short form is essential for identifying the root verb and for classifying the verb as an infinitive construct. I-Nun: Imperfect and Related Forms ( נָתַ ןto give) and ( לָקַ חto take) require special consideration. Consider the following imperfect paradigm for נָתַ ןand לָקַ ח. The imperfect and imperative forms of To write (standard) 3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3mp 3fp 2mp 2fp 1cp to give to take יִכְ ּתׁב ִּתן ֵ י ִּתכְ ּתׁב ִּת ֵּתן ִּתכְ ּתׁב ִּת ֵּתן ִּתכְ ְּת ִבי ִּת ְּתנִ י אֶ כְ ּתׁב אֶ ֵּתן יִכְ ְּתבּו י ְִּתנּו ִּת ֵּתנה ִּתכְ ּתׁ ְבנה ִּתכְ ְּתבּו ִּת ְּתנּו ִּת ֵּתנה ִּתכְ ּתׁ ְבנה נִ כְ ּתׁב נִ ֵּתן יִקַ ח תִ קַ ח תִ קַ ח תִ ְקחִִי אֶ קַ ח ְּיקחּו תִ קַ חְִנָה תִ ְקחּו תִ קַ חְִנָה נִקַ ח In the imperfect, נָתַ ןand לָקַ חinflect much like I- נ verbs with the assimilation of the first root consonant into the second root consonant. Notice the presence of the dagesh in the second root consonant. A second nun assimilation occurs in תִ תֵּ נָהas the third root consonant nun assimilates into the suffix. Notice the presence of the dagesh in the nun of the 2fp and 3fp suffix of תִ תֵּ נָהrepresenting the assimilated nun. I-Nun: Imperfect and Related Forms Compare the imperfect and imperative forms of Imperfect you will give תֵּ ן תְ נִי תְ נּו תֵּ נָה (you) give! תִ קַ ח תִ ְקחִִי תִ ְקחּו תִ קַ חְִנָה you will take קַ ח ְק ִחי ְקחּו קַ ְחנָה (you) take! 2fs 2mp 2fp 2fs 2mp 2fp Imperative תִ תֵּ ן תִ תְ ִִני תִ תְ נּו תִ תֵּ ִָנה 2ms 2ms נָתַ ןand לָקַ ח. In the imperative form, In the imperative form, נָתַ ןmaintains the dagesh in the second root consonant. לָקַ חdoes not maintain the dagesh in the second root consonant. I-Nun: Imperfect and Related Forms Infinitive Construct: Turn to page 133 of Lambdin