Transcript Chapter 17: Relative Pronouns

Chapter 17: Relative Pronouns
Subordinate Clauses
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Also known as dependent clauses.
Can’t stand alone in a sentence.
Do not express a complete thought.
Attached to main/independent clauses.
Contain subject and predicate, but sound
incomplete when they stand alone.
Relative Pronouns
• In English, the relative pronouns are that,
which, whichever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, whosoever, whomever.
• Ex: The boy whom I love is named Jim.
– Main clause: The boy is named Jim.
– Subordinate clause: whom I love
Relative Pronouns
• Refer back to an antecedent in the main
clause.
• An antecedent is the noun or noun phrase
to which a pronoun refers.
• Ex: The boy whom I love is named Jim.
– Pronoun: whom
– Antecedent: boy
Relative Pronoun
• Relative clause provides extra information
about the antecedent that is not necessary
for comprehension of the main clause.
• Ex: The boy whom I love is named Jim.
– Without the relative clause:
The boy is named Jim.
Relative Pronoun
• Since it refers back to the antecedent, they
agree in gender and number.
• The relative pronoun gets its case from its
function in the relative clause.
• Ex: The boy whom I love is named Jim.
– Gender: masculine (refers back to the boy)
– Number: singular (there’s only one boy)
– Case: accusative (direct object of verb ‘love’
in the relative clause)
Relative Pronouns
Singular
F
N
quae quod
Nom
M
qui
Gen
cuius
cuius
Dat
cui
cui
cui
quam
quod
quā
quō
Acc quem
Abl
quō
M
qui
Plural
F
quae
N
quae
cuius quorum quarum quorum
quibus quibus
quos
quas
quibus quibus
quibus
quae
quibus
Relative Clauses
• Usually, they begin with the relative
pronoun and end with the verb of the
subordinate clause.
• Ex: Puella cui librum dat est fortunata.
Relative Clauses
Relative pronouns can also be used in conjunction
with prepositions.
Viros ad civitatem in quā eras misit.
If you use the preposition cum, it gets attached to
the end of the relative.
Nauta quōcum navigavisti te laudavit.