Transcript Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

Prepositions, Conjunctions,
and Interjections
Unit 13
Prepositions

A preposition is a word that relates a noun
or a pronoun to some word in a sentence.
The paint on the canvas will dry slowly.
 He ran down the stairs.
 The dog hid under the bed.

Prepositions

A prepositional phrase is a group of words
that begins with a preposition and ends
with a noun or pronoun, which is called the
object of the phrase.
The dog hid under the bed.
 Sit beside me.
 The runners sprinted across the finish line.

Prepositional Phrases

The noun or pronoun that ends a
prepositional phrase is called the OBJECT.
He was born in a small town.
 The cat ran toward the litter box.
 The bridge is over a river.

Prepositional Phrases

The object of the phrase should be an
object pronoun and NOT a subject
pronoun. You would not use he, she, we,
or I.
Hand the box to ( me, I).
 She ran towards (he, him).
 I can’t sit beside (she, her).

Prepositional Phrases

Sometimes an object will be compound.
Remember to use an object pronoun.
Give it to Gary and (I, me.)
 I lent a book to Nick and (she, her).

Prepositions

Sometimes prepositions can be made up
of two or more words. These are called
compound prepositions.

according to
across from
on account of


aside from
because of
along with
in front of
in place of
far from
instead of
on top of
in spite of
Prepositional Phrases

If you are unsure about whether to use a
subject pronoun or an object pronoun, try
saying the sentence aloud with only the
pronoun following the preposition.

The subject pronoun who is NEVER the
object of a prepositional phrase.

ONLY use whom as the object.
Jobs of Prepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase can function as an ADJECTIVE
by describing a noun or pronoun.

The phrase will almost always come directly after the
noun or pronoun that it is describing.
The fabrics from the Orient are beautiful.
(from the Orient describes fabrics)
The man in the blue suit is staring at us.
(in the blue suit describes man)
Jobs of Prepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase can also function
as an ADVERB when it modifies or
describes a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb.

An ADVERB phrase tells when, where, or
how an action takes place.

It usually will go to the verb.
Adverb Prepositional Phrases
The women are weaving on looms.
(on looms goes to weaving)
That fabric looks great on you.
(on you goes to great)
They work in shops.
(in shops goes to work)
Are these adjective or adverb
phrases?
1.
Weavers around the world practice an ancient craft.
2.
Early weavers worked with long grass strands.
3.
Paintings from ancient Egypt show that weaving was developed early.
4.
Tapestries with complex patterns hang in museums.
5.
These tapestries often illustrate stories about great people.
6.
Many tapestries depict stories from the Bible.
7.
Several tapestries hang in French museums.
Conjunctions

There are 2 types of conjunctions-words that
join.

1. Coordinating - and, but, or, so, yet, for and
nor.

2. Correlative (pairs) -
both/and
either/or
neither/nor
not only/ but also
The “s” rule AGAIN!!!

Remember when using conjunctions—

Singular subjects have verbs that end in-s

Plural subjects do NOT have verbs that
end in -s
Conjunctive Adverbs
A conjunctive adverb may be used to join
the simple sentences in a compound
sentence.
 Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions
to add a little flair to your speaking and
writing.



Many Asians use chopsticks, but some use forks.
Many Asians use chopsticks; however, some use forks.
Conjunctive Adverbs

Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add
a little flair to your speaking and writing.
To replace AND --- also, besides, furthermore, moreover
To replace BUT --- however, nevertheless, still
To state a result – consequently, therefore, so, thus
To state equality – equally, likewise, similarly
Conjunctive Adverbs

Look closely as to how these adverbs are
punctuated in a sentence.

Chinese cooks often stir-fry their food; therefore, they
must cut it into small pieces.

When 2 simple sentences are joined with a CA, a
semicolon always appears before the second sentence.
Conjunctive Adverbs

When the CA comes at the beginning or
end of a sentence, it is set of by a comma.
Stir frying should be done quickly; the wok must be very
hot, therefore.
Conjunctive Adverbs
When the CA appears in the middle, one
comma precedes it and one comma
follows it.
Vegetables cook more quickly than meat;
they must, therefore, be added to the wok
last.
Interjections

An interjection is a word or group of words that
expresses a strong feeling.

It has no other connection to any other words in
the sentence.

Aha!
Oops well
Awesome
Oh my! Oh my goodness, ouch, ha, wow, gee
whiz, hooray, whoops, what
Good grief Holy Moley Gosh


Interjection

Interjections that express STRONG
emotion are followed by a !

Overusing interjections will spoil their
effectiveness.

Wow! The Saints just won the Superbowl.