Transcript Vocative Case

Vocatives & Imperatives
Hey you! Do this!
Vocative Case
• Used for direct address
– Quintus, where are you?
Quinte, ubi es?
– Metella, look at the city!
Metella, ecce urbs!
– Salvius, give me a house!
Salvī, villam mihi da!
• Most are the same as nominative
• 2nd declension singular has different endings
– us becomes –e Quintus  Quinte
– ius becomes –ī Claudius  Claudī
Give the vocatives for each:
Rufilla
feminae
Barbillus
servi
filius
filia
mercatores
amicus
Aristo
Salvius
Cogidubnus
 Rufilla
 feminae
 Barbille
 servi
 filī
(must have long mark)
 filia
 mercatores
 amice
 Aristo
 Salvī
 Cogidubne
Imperatives
• Used for commands.
1st Conj.
Sing.
-ā
Pl.
-ate
2nd Conj.
-ē
-ete
3rd Conj.
-e
-ite
4th Conj.
-ī
-ite
Sing.
Pl.
dā! Give!
date! Give!
sedē! Sit!
sedete! Sit!
scribe! Write! scribite! Write!
audī! Listen! audite! Listen!
• Take 2nd pp, chop off infinitive ending, add
imperative ending.
Give the imperatives (sing and pl):
laudare – to praise
docēre – to teach
mittere – to send
dormire – to sleep
portare – to carry
tacēre – to be quiet
agere – to do
custodire – to guard
 laudā, laudate – praise!
 docē, docete – teach!
 mitte, mittite – send!
 dormī, dormite – sleep!
 portā, portate – carry!
 tacē, tacete – be quiet!
 age, agite – do!
 custodī, custodite – guard!
Irregular Imperatives
• A handful of verbs are weird (surprise,
surprise – you knew there would be some)
• Memorize these 4 verbs:
duc! ducite! – Lead! (from duco, ducere)
dic! dicite! – Tell! Say! (from dico, dicere)
fer! ferte! – Bring! Carry! (from fero, ferre)
fac! facite! – Do! Make! (from facio, facere)
Negative Imperatives
• Negative commands = don’t do something
• Use the imperative of nolo + infinitive of the verb
you don’t want them to do.
• nolī dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to 1 person)
nolite dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to more than 1)
• nolī clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to 1 person)
nolite clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to more than 1)
Give the negative imperatives
cantare – to sing
 noli cantare – don’t sing!
 nolite cantare – don’t sing!
amittere – to lose  noli amittere – don’t lose!
 nolite amittere – don’t lose!
garrire – to gossip  noli garrire – don’t gossip!
 nolite garrire – don’t gossip!