Transcript Grammar `了` le

Grammar ‘了’ le
Chinese --L Cheng
Verb 了
1. perfective aspect 了,
or completed action 了
2. It marks the completeness
of an action;
3. Position : after verb
4. Verb + le
Verb 了
昨天
我买
了 两个
馒头。
Yesterday I bought LE two
steamed buns
Zuótiān wǒ mǎi le liǎng gè
mántou.
Yesterday I bought two steamed
buns.
With quantities
1.to mark quantified verbs
2.the object is a specific
quantity or duration
3.for verbs and numbers
occurring together
With quantities
我 吃 了 三 块 蛋糕。
I eat Le three MW cake
Wǒ chī le sān kuài dàngāo.
I ate three pieces of cake.
Sentence 了
1.modal 了 and change of state
了
2.appears at the end of the
sentence
3. indicates that a new situation
exists; the state of things has
changed.
4. In English, ‘now’ or ‘any more’
Sentence 了
天气
冷 了。
Weather cold Le
Tiānqì lěng le.
The weather is now cold
Verb 了 and sentence 了 together
1.it describes what has been
completed up till now.
2.‘at this point, it’s now the case
that x has been done”. ‘so far’ or
‘up till now’.
Verb 了 and sentence 了 together
你 已经 喝
了 十一瓶啤酒了！
You already drink Le 11 MW beer Le
Nǐ
yijing hē
le shíyī píng píjiǔ le!
You’ve had eleven bottles of beer!
Liǎo 了
了 is pronounced liǎo rather than le.
1. literally means ‘finish’, ‘complete’
or ‘achieve’. Liǎo 了 is a verbal
complement.
2. It indicates the success or failure
of an action, appearing with 得
(positive) or 不 (negative).
Liǎo 了
你来得了吗？
Nǐ lái dé liǎo ma?
Can you make it?
我看不了啊！
Wǒ kàn bù liǎo ā!
I can’t see!
Liǎo 了
And, just to really confuse you, here’s
a sentence with sentence 了 and liǎo
了 together:
苹果买不了了！
Píngguǒ mǎi bùliǎo le!
You can’t buy apples any more!
I.e.
Apples have sold-out!
Summary
Verb 了
Is about action.
Marks completeness, or perfective aspect.
Occurs right after the verb.
Sentence 了
Is about state.
Marks a change in state or a new situation.
Indicates the relevance of this information to
the present.
Occurs at the end of the sentence.
Summary
Verb 了 and sentence 了 together
Marks what has been done up to
now.
Indicates that this is the current
situation, and the action is ongoing.
谢谢 ！