Transcript complex object

COMPLEX OBJECT
COMPLEX SUBJECT
Complex Object
noun (Mum, teacher) + a verb (wants) +
pronoun (him..) +
infinitive/bare infinitive
(to do his homework)
In Russian Complex Object
will be translated as a
subordinate clause with
conjunctions что, как,
чтобы
Example:
 I wanted the director of this TNC to
stop the work of this sweatshop.
(noun in the common case)
 She made him buy her a new car.
(pronoun in the objective case)
The verbs used with Complex Object
 wish & intention:
to wish, to want, to desire, would like,
to mean, to intend, to choose
 mental activity (generally with the verb “to be”)
to know, to expect, to believe, to think,
to consider, to suppose, to expect,
to imagine, to find, to feel, to trust
Examples I
I want you to start for the trip
immediately.
I didn’t mean him to learn the
dialogue by heart.
I don’t choose you to live in the
hotel.
Examples II
1. I know him to be the most
unscrupulous man I ever knew.
2. If you suppose this young lady to be
intelligent enough, you’re definitely
mistaken.
3. Everybody expected her to marry
Tom.
4. The doctor found Pete’s heart to have
stopped 2 hours before. (perfect
infinitive for prior actions)
NB! The verbs to think, to consider,
to find can be used without an
infinitive!!!
He thought her beautiful.
I found the key idea of the lection
interesting.
 feelings & emotions:
to like, to dislike, to love, to hate, can’t
stand/bear
e.g. I dislike you to talk like that.
I can’t bear you to behave so nasty!
 order & permission + compulsion:
to order, to allow, to let, to ask for, to force
to have, to suffer, to get, to make, to cause
e.g. She ordered the car to be ready by 6 o’clock.
James suffered his wife to wear such short skirts.
(разрешать неохотно, скрепя сердце)
I won’t have you speak like that!
(close to “to suffer” in the meaning)
NB! The underlined words don’t take TO-inf in active voice!
In Passive voice “to let” is substituted with “to allow”!
Compulsion (заставить, распорядиться, добиться)
Her steps made him turn his head.
(!!! bare inf)
The noise caused her to awake.
She caused the telegramme to be sent at
once.
I can’t get her to start doing homework.
I had her go there.
(!!!bare
inf)
 sense perception:
to hear, to see, to watch, to feel,
to observe, to notice
!!! These verbs in the Active Voice are
used with BARE Infinitive !!! In the
Passive voice the particle TO appears!
e.g. I felt the blood rush into my cheeks.
I saw Jim enter the room.
Note 1
If “to see” means “to understand”
Complex Object is NOT used!
I saw that he didn’t realize the danger.
Note 2
If “to hear” means “to learn”, “to be
told”,
a clause or a gerund is used
I hear that he left for the South/of his
leaving for the South.
After the verbs “to know” and “to help” both
variants of the infinitive can follow!!! In
modern English a bare infinitive is more
common.
But in Passive Voice the TO-inf is used!
I’ve never known him (to) be so mean.
Could you help me (to) fix the car?
She was known to have worked as a
teacher.
The verbs used with a bare infinitive in
Active Voice
to make, to force, to have (compulsion)
to let (in Passive “to allow” is used instead)
to see, to hear, to watch, to observe,
to notice
to feel
In Passive Voice they take TO-inf after
Compare
Complex Object +
Infinitive
I saw him enter the
room.
I noticed him frown.
I felt her tremble.
I heard her speak.
Complex Object +
Participle I
I saw him entering the
bar.
I noticed him frowning.
I felt her trembling.
I heard her speaking.
Complex Subject
noun/pronoun + is said/is
believed/turns out etc +
infinitive/perfect infinitive
In all voices we use CS with particle
TO !!!
In Russian Complex Subject sounds like
неопределенно-личное предложение (говорят,
считают, известно…)
Complex Subject is used with:
…is said to
…is heard to
…is seen to
…is known to
…is reported to
…is expected to
…is believed to
…is considered
etc…
to see, to feel, to hear…- sense perception
to know, to expect, to believe…- mental
activity
to make, to order, to force…- order,
request, permission
to say, to inform, to report
to appear, to seem, to happen, to prove,
to turn out
to be likely, to be sure, to be certain
Complex Subject
Personal
He is know (to be)
a liar.
Impersonal
It is known (that)
he is a liar.
Examples
He was heard to laugh merrily.
Anne’s father was heard approaching at
that moment (to express the process we use
Participle I)
He was believed to be honest and
intelligent.
Julie was made to take part in the trip.
She is said to have become famous.
(completed action)
The child seems to be asleep.