Transcript The past participle and the present perfect tense

The Present
Perfect Tense
And Using Past
Participles
Reviewing Compound Tenses
• You should remember the
“present progressive”
compound tense used to
express actions in
progress.
ex: Miguel está comprando un anillo
para su novia.
• It is called a compound
tense because it has two
parts.
1: Estar +
2: Present
Participle
(Which is the verb stem
plus :
Ar verbs - ando
Er/Ir verbs – iendo)
Importants Points
• Remember that with pronouns
(reflexive, indirect object, direct object,
etc.) there are two rules:
– It should be placed before the conjugated
verb
• Ex: Me estoy cuidando.
– Or placed attatched to the infinitive
• Ex: Estoy cuidándome.
Práctica
• We are talking
• I’m tanning
• They are writing
• You are dying
• I’m relaxing
• Estamos hablando
• Me estoy
bronceando/ Estoy
bronceándome
• Están escribiendo
• Estás moriendo
• Me estoy relajando/
Estoy relajándome
The Present Perfect
• To say that someone
has or has not done
something we use the
present perfect. In
English it looks
something like this:
I have finished.
• Note that there are two
parts to its formation
which makes it a
compound tense.
Forming the Present Perfect
•
In Spanish the present perfect is formed
with the present tense of the auxiliary
verb haber + the past participle.
–
Ex: (Yo) he terminado.
HABER+ past participle
•
Haber is conjugated as follows:
he
has
ha
hemos
habéis
han
Forming the Past Participle
• The past participle is formed by
adding –ado to the stem of –ar verbs
and –ido to the stem of –er and –ir
verbs.
• Verb
ex: tomar
comer
vivir
Participle
tomado
comido
vivido
Meaning
taken
eaten
lived
Práctica
Try these phrases on your own:
•
She has met your sister.
Ella ha conocido a tu hermana.
•
We’ve talked in class.
Hemos hablado en clase.
•
I have eaten today.
Yo he comido hoy.
•
Have you walked the dog?
¿Has caminado con el perro?
•
They have read many books.
Ellos han leído muchos libros.
Participles with Special
Spellings
• Verb
caer
creer
leer
oír
reír
traer
Participle
caído
creído
leído
oído
reído
traído
Meaning
fallen
believed
read
heard
laughed
brought
Irregular Past Participles
• Verb
Abrir
Cubrir
Decir
Descubrir
Escribir
Hacer
Imprimir
Ir
Participle
abierto
cubierto
dicho
descubierto
escrito
hecho
impreso
ido
Meaning
opened
covered
said
discovered
written
done, made
printed
gone
Irregular Past Participles
Continued
• Verb
Participle
Meaning
Morir
muerto
dead
Poner
Resolver
Romper
Ver
Volver
puesto
resuelto
roto
visto
vuelto
put, placed
resolved
broken
seen
returned
Práctica
• I have written.
• We’ve heard.
• She has put it on
the desk.
• They saw.
• I have broken it.
• He has kissed her.
• He escrito.
• Hemos oído.
• Ella lo ha puesto en
el escritorio.
• Ellos han visto.
• Lo he roto.
• (La) ha besado a
ella.
Uses of Participles
• In both English and Spanish, past
participles may be used as adjectives to
modify a noun. In Spanish, when the past
participle is used as an adjective, it agrees
in gender and number with the noun it
modifies.
• Ex:
– Esa pintura fue hecha en Perú.
That painting was done in Peru.
– La catedral fue construida en 1560.
The cathedral was built in 1560.
Uses of the Present Perfect
• In general, the present perfect is used to
refer to a past action or event that is
perceived as having some bearing on the
present.
– Mis padres han experimentado muchas
dificultades.
My parents have experienced many difficulties.
• The verb haber agrees with the subject of
the sentence. The past participle, however,
does not change according to the subject
when it forms part of the perfect tense
because it is not a adjective.
Rules with the Present Perfect
• The verb haber is not interchangable
with tener. Haber means to have
only when used as an auxilary verb
with the past participle. Tener means
to have or to own in the sense of
possesion.
More Rules with the Present
Perfect
• The verb haber and the past participle
annot be separated by another word.
Object pronouns and negative words
are always placed before haber.
– ex:¿Has conocido al señor malhumorado?
Have you met the bad- tempered man?
No lo he conocido todavía.
No, I haven’t met him yet.
Más Practica
• A que nunca has… Háganse preguntas
sobre experiencias que hayan tenido.
Pueden usar las frases de la lista u otras
que se les ocurran.
MODELO:
–
–
–
–
–
E1: ¿Te has estresado alguna
vez en esta clase?
E2: No, no me he estresado
en ésta clase.
Ver una disputa entre amigos
Obsesionarse por una persona
Acostumbrarse a una situación difícil
Conocer a una persona famosa
Comer una comida rara