Transcript prepositional phrase

VERBAL
PHRASES
VERBAL
PHRASES
#1-What is a Phrase?
 A phrase is a group of related words that is
used as a single part of speech and that does
not contain both a verb and its subject.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: a message from the other members of the debate team
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE: monkeys swinging through the dense jungle
INFINITIVE PHRASE: asking to go with them on their Antarctic expedition
APPOSITIVE PHRASE: a painting by van Gogh, the famous Dutch painter
NOTE: a group of words that has both a verb and its subject is
called a clause.
#2-The Prepositional Phrase
 A prepositional phrase includes a
preposition, a noun or pronoun called the
object of the preposition, and any modifiers of
that object.
EXAMPLE: The Seine River flows through Paris.
[The noun Paris is the object of the preposition
through.]
NOTE: Be careful not to confuse a prepositional
phrase with an infinitive.
 A prepositional phrase always has an object that
is a noun or a pronoun.
 An infinitive is a verb form that usually begins
with to.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE:
When we went to Florida, we saw the old
Spanish fort in St. Augustine.
INFINITIVE:
When we were in Florida, we went to see the old
Spanish fort in St. Augustine.
#3-The Adjective Phrase
 A prepositional phrase that modifies a
noun or a pronoun.
EXAMPLE:
Wang Wei was a talented painter of
landscapes.
[the prepositional phrase of landscapes modifies the
noun painter, telling what kind of painter.]
#4-The Adverb Phrase
 A prepositional phrase that modifies a
verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
An adverb phrase tells how, when, where, why, or to what
extent (how long, how much, or how far).
EXAMPLES: the snow fell throughout the day . [the phrase
modifies the verb fell, telling when the snow fell.]
EXAMPLES: Are you good at soccer? [the phrase modifies the
adjective good, telling where/how you are good.]
#5- Verbals and Verbal
Phrases
A verbal is a word that is formed from
a verb but is used as a noun, an
adjective, or an adverb.
There are three kinds of verbals:
 the participle, the gerund, and the
infinitive.
#6- The Participle
 A participle is a verb form that can be used
as an adjective.
 Present participles end in –ing.
 The smiling child waved.
 Most past participles end in –d or –ed.
Some past participles are irregularly
formed.
 The police officers searched the abandoned
warehouse.
#7 The Participial Phrase
 consists of a participle and any modifiers or
object.
 The entire phrase is used as an adjective.
Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed quite
bewildered.
Swimming very slowly, the duck seemed quite
bewildered.
#8- The Gerund
 a verb form ending
in –ing that is used as a noun.
SUBJECT: Skiing down that slope was fun.
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE:
Dad’s favorite pastime is fishing for trout and bass.
INDIRECT OBJECT: Give sailing a try.
DIRECT OBJECT:
We enjoyed hiking in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION:
Please sweep the front sidewalk after mowing.
The Gerund Phrase
 consists of a gerund and any modifiers or
object. The entire phrase is used as a
noun.
Having a part-time job may interfere with your
schoolwork.
The townspeople heard the loud clanging of the fire
bell.
#9 The Infinitive
 a verb form that can be used as a noun, an
adjective, or an adverb. Most infinitives begin
with to.
NOUN: To install the ceiling fan took two hours.
ADJECTIVES:
The best time to visit Florida is December through April.
ADVERBS:
The gymnasts were ready to practice their routines.
The Infinitive Phrase
 consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or
object. The entire phrase may be used as a
noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
The crowd grew quiet to hear the speaker.
Peanuts and raisins are good snacks to take on a camping trip.
Punctuation:
 When a participial phrase begins a
sentence, a comma should be placed after
the phrase.
• Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed.
Washing and polishing the car, Frank developed
sore muscles.
Punctuation:
 If the participle or participial phrase comes
in the middle of a sentence, it should be set
off with commas only if the information is
not essential to the meaning of the
sentence.
Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of
sleep.
The church, destroyed by a fire, was never rebuilt.
Punctuation:
 Note that if the participial phrase is
essential to the meaning of the sentence,
no commas should be used.
The student earning the highest grade point
average will receive a special award.
The guy wearing the chicken costume is my
cousin.
Directions:
write and label the phrases.
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To earn an ‘A’ on the test is my goal.
He wants to earn extra money this summer.
Skiing is a wonderful way to spend a winter afternoon.
The child playing in the yard is my nephew.
He enjoys his job of ringing the church bells.
Choosing a major is important.
The bridge, covered with ice, was narrow.
I nodded to show respect.
Merely to argue for the preservation of park land is not enough.
He telephoned his wife to tell her of his arrival.
The fans blinded by the sun missed the best plays.
Not wanting to appear in court, Marilyn decided to pay the fine.
#10- Appositives and Appositive
Phrases
 An appositive is a noun or a pronoun
placed beside another noun or pronoun to
identify or describe it.
NOTE: commas are generally used with appositives that
refer to proper nouns.
• An appositive phrase consists of an appositive
and its modifiers.