Transcript AP LANG TEST REVIEW: RHETORICAL DEVICES

AP LANG TEST REVIEW:
RHETORICAL DEVICES
APPEALS
LOGOS (LOGICAL)-ETHOS (ETHICAL)-PATHOS (EMOTIONAL)—
Aphorisms—general truths (not appeals, but
they usually appeal to audiences)
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
You probably already know…
• SIMILES AND METAPHORS
• PERSONIFICATION, ALLITERATION,
AND ONOMATOPOEIA
• HYPERBOLE
• APHORISM
• RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
• PARADOX
• UNDERSTATEMENT
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Words that you may not know…
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Metonymy—
Synecdoche—
Bombast—
Malapropism—
Pun—
Tone
Author’s attitude or sentiments revealed by
the writer’s style.
A writer’s tone ISN’T informative! Try to
decide if it’s positive or negative….
THEN, choose a more precise word
Ex. Didactic, compassionate, sardonic,
pedantic, etc.
**Look for tone shifts in passages!
DICTION
“WORD CHOICE”
Don’t say, “The writer uses diction…”
Duh! Let’s say, “The diction in…proves…”
or jump right to a rhetorical device.
“The juxtaposition of ____ proves____”
Identifying diction:
Formal? Informal? Slang? Colloquial? Jargon?
Precise? Metaphorical?
Think—how do you define the words?
SYNTAX
“Sentence Structure”
Types, purposes, lengths,
Structure—normal word order? Inverted?
Punctuation—use of commas, exclamation
marks, questions, semi-colons—for what
effect?
Parts of Speech—notice a lot of adj? nouns?
Verbs? WHY? To what effect?
Author’s Purpose
“to + verb”
To persuade…
To entertain…
To show…
To explain…
Be sure you can add to these infinitives!
Repetition
a.k.a. Transformers and Diseases
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Polysyndeton-Asyndeton—
Anaphora—
Anadiplosis—
Epanalepsis—
Epistrophe—
Parallel Structure
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Parallelism-Antithesis—
Juxtaposition—contrasting ideas, images
Chiasmus—Inversion of parallel ideas within a sentence.
Ex. “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what
you can do for your country.” JFK
• Zeugma—a controlling idea to describe 2 ideas but only
applies to 1 logically
Ex. He carried the light for men and the
responsibility of a nation.
Ex. “You held your breath and the door for me.”
(Thanks Alannis!)
Comedic Devices
"A eugooglizer. One who speaks at funerals. Or did you think I'd be to stupid to
know what a eugoogly was?"
-Zoolander
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Pun
Litote
Sarcasm
Malapropism
Irony
Satire
Wit
Comedic Devices, take 2!
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Burlesque
Hyperbole
Mockery
Parody
Tautology
Lampoon
FALLACIES
Just the top 12…
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Ad hominem—
Misleading Statistics—
Ad populum—
Red HerringAd Verecundiam—
Begging the Question—
Post Hoc
FALLACIES, again
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Scare Tactics
Either/Or Fallacy
Oversimplification
Hasty Generalization
Non Sequitur