Transcript Stage 8 Notes

Stage 12 Notes
The different tenses we have learned so far
are: present, imperfect, and perfect
The endings of verbs will tell you what tense
and what person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) they are in.
Sing
Plural
1st Person
I
We
2nd Person
You
You all (yall)
3rd Person
He/she/it
They
When you look up a verb in the dictionary
it will look like this:
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus - to work
1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect, 4th principle part
Cut off -re to get stem
Cut off -i to
to attach to present
get stem
and
to attach
imperfect endings to perfect endings
The present tense is translated as
(blank) s, is (blank) ing, does (blank).
To form the present tense, look at the
first two principle parts of your dictionary
entry:
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus
First plug laboro into the first person
singular.
Then figure out the stem of the verb by
cutting off the -re from the 2nd form.
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus
What is the stem?
labora-
labora is what you will attach the
person indicators (o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt).
To form the present tense, take your
present stem and attach the person
indicators. N.B. The ‘a’ is dropped in 1st
singular.
singular
plural
1st person - laborO
laborAmus
2nd person -laborAs
laborAtis
3rd person -laborAt
laborAnt
Conjugate and translate festino,
festinare, festinavi, into the present
tensesingular
1st person -
2nd person 3rd person -
plural
Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi,
into the present tensesingular
1st person -
festinO- I hurry, I am hurrying, I
do hurry
2nd person -festinAs
- You hurry, You are
hurrying, you do hurry
3rd person –festinAt- He/she/it hurries, is
hurrying, does hurry
Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi,
into the present tenseplural
1st person - festinAmus- We hurry, We are
hurrying, We do hurry
2nd person –festinAtis- You all hurry, You all
are hurrying, You all do hurry
3rd person –festinAnt- They hurry, They
are hurrying, They do hurry
•
The imperfect tense is translated as was/were ing
•
To form the imperfect tense, take your stem from the
infinitive and attach the letters -BA.
•
Then stick present tense mickey mouse endings on
the end!
•
The only change it that the first person singular will
end in a -m instead of o.
• Let us conjugate specto, spectare, spectavi into the
imperfect tense.
• What tense indicator do we attach to the verb stem?
• What person indicators do we attach to the tense
indicator?
• spectasingular
plural
1st person- spectabam
spectabamus
2nd person- spectabas
spectabatis
3rd person- spectabat
spectabant
Conjuate and translate dico, dicere,
dixi: to say/ speak, into the imperfect
tensesingular
1st person 2nd person 3rd person -
plural
dico, dicere, dixi, imperfect tensesingular
1st dicebam: I was saying
2nd dicebas: You were saying
3rd dicebat: He,she, it was saying
dico, dicere, dixi, imperfect tenseplural
1st
dicebamus: we were saying
2nd
dicebatis: yall were saying
3rd
dicebant: they were saying
•
The perfect tense is translated as
(blank) ed.
• To form the perfect tense, take the third principle
part and cut off the letter - i .
•
Then attach the perfect endings (i, isti, it, imus,
istis, erunt).
•
What is the perfect stem of laboro, laborare,
laboravi, laboratus? laborav-
Lets use the perfect stem and conjugate
fero, ferre, tuli
singular
plural
1st person- tuli
tulimus
2nd person- tulisti
tulistis
3rd person- tulit
tulerunt
Conjugate and translate do, dare,
dedi: to give into the perfect tensesingular
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -
plural
do, dare, dedi
perfect tensesingular
1st person-
dedi: I gave
2nd person- dedisti: You gave
3rd person- dedit: He/she/it gave
do, dare, dedi
perfect tense-
plural
1st person-
dedimus: We gave
2nd person- dedistis: You all gave
3rd person- dederunt: They gave
The verb sum, esse, fui : to be is the most common
verb you will see in Latin
singular
plural
1st person -
sum- I am
sumus- We are
2nd person -
es- You are
estis- You all are
3rd person -
est- He, she, it is sunt- They are
The verb sum, esse, fui: to be looks like this in the
imperfect tense:
singular
1st person - eram- I was
plural
eramus- we were
2nd person - eras- you were
eratis- you all were
3rd person - erat- he, she it was
erant- they were