Transcript Adverbs and Prepositions

Adverbs and
Prepositions
Adverbs
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A word that describes a verb is an adverb.
Adverbs tell how, when, or where an action happens.
Many adverbs end in –ly. Here is a list of common adverbs.
How
fast
hard
together
happily
quietly
secretly
slowly
When
tomorrow
later
again
often
first
next
then
Where
here
inside
far
upstairs
downtown
somewhere
forward
Comparing with Adverbs
► Adverbs
have special forms for
comparisons.
► To compare two actions add –er to most
short adverbs.
► To compare three or more actions add –est
to most short adverbs.
► Rules
for Comparing with Adverbs
1.) Most short adverbs:
Ex: late,
add –er or –est to the adverb
later, latest
2.)Most adverbs of two or more
syllables:
Use more or most with the
adverb
Ex: often,
more often,
most often
Adverb or Adjective?
Many adverbs end in –ly. These words look the same and are
easy to confuse!
Incorrect- He writes clear.(Adj.)
Correct- He writes clearly. (Adv.)
► Use an adj. to describe a noun and an adv. to describe a verb.
Lee has quick moves. (Adj.)
She moves quickly.(Adv.)
► Good is always an adj. Use good before a noun or after a
linking verb. Don’t use it to mean “healthy.”
► Well is an adverb which can describe a verb. Also, use it as an
adj. to mean “healthy.”
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Ex: Sam draws frogs well. (Adv.)
She isn’t well today. (Adj.)
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Prepositions
preposition relates another word in the sentence
to the noun or pronoun that follows the
preposition.
Ex: We found it on the shelf
We found it under the shelf.
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noun or pronoun that follows a preposition is
the object of the preposition.
Ex: I liked the book with the blue cover.
**Copy list of common prepositions!!!!
Prepositional Phrases
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A prepositional phrase is made up of a preposition, the object
of the preposition, and all the other words in between them.
Ex: We packed the fruit in our knapsacks.
The object of the preposition can be a compound object.
Ex: We took enough oranges for Freddy and Sue.
The prepositional phrase can be at the beginning, middle, or
end of the sentence.
Ex: At dawn we began our walk.
The map of the area was helpful.
The path went by the forest and a large lake.
When the object of the preposition is a pronoun, use an
object pronouns. (me, you, him, her, it, us, and them)
Adverb or Preposition ?
Some words can be either used as an adverb or a prepostion.
Ex: Susan ran inside.(Adv.)
Her hat was inside the store.(Prep.)
► If the word begins a prepositional phrase it is a preposition.
Otherwise it is an adverb.
► Words used as adverbs or prepositions:
above
near
inside
along
off
around
over
below
out
by
outside
down
under
in
up
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Independent and Dependent Clauses
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A clause is a group of words that work together. They contain at least a subject and a
verb.
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An Independent Clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a
sentence.
Example: Joey rode the bus.
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A Dependent Clause, also called a fragment, does not express a complete thought and
cannot stand alone as a sentence.
Example: When Joey rode the bus.
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A dependent clause may begin with : until, when, after, since, as , who or that
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A dependent clause must be paired with at least one independent clause to create a
complete sentence.
Ex: After I went skating yesterday, I ran into an old friend in the parking
lot.
A comma is used between two independent clauses, and it is placed before the
conjunction
► Ex: My teacher is intelligent, and I've learned a lot from her.
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If a dependent clause comes at the beginning of a sentence, and an independent clause
comes at the end. You put a comma after the dependent clause.
Ex: Although Tom reads novels, Jack reads comics.
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Sentences
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A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a
verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
Ex: Some students like to study in the mornings.
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A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a
coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
(FANBOYS.)
Ex: I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.
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A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more
dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as
because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that,
who, or which.
Ex: When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last
page.
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Compound-complex -more than one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause.
Ex: After it was all over, my dad claimed he knew we were planning
something, but we think he was really surprised.