Transcript Sentence - blogGarrett

Sentences
Fragments, Run-ons, Comma
Splices, and Parallelism
What is a Sentence?
• Every sentence MUST:
– have a subject
– have a verb
– express a complete thought
Independent & Dependent
Clauses
• Independent clauses can stand alone they are sentences!
• Dependent clauses CANNOT stand
alone
Dependent Words
after
if, even if
when, whenever
although, though in order that
where, wherever
as
since
whether
because
that, so that
which, whichever
before
unless
while
even though
until
who
how
what, whatever
whose
Sentence Fragments
Either:
• Lacks a subject
• Lacks a verb
• Doesn’t express a complete thought
Fragments
• Fragment: After I cashed my paycheck.
• Fragment: Not expecting anything
special.
• Fragment: Including hamsters and mice.
• Fragment: Then eats more junk food.
Fragments Fixed
• Fragment: After I cashed my paycheck.
• Sentence: After I cashed my paycheck, I
treated myself to dinner.
• Fragment: Not expecting anything special.
• Sentence: We didn’t expect anything special.
Fragments Fixed
• Fragment: Including hamsters and
mice.
• Sentence: My son keeps several
pets, including hamsters and mice,
in his room.
• Fragment: Then eats more junk
food.
• Sentence: Then he eats more junk
food, like beer and cookies, for
lunch.
Run-on Sentence
• Two complete thoughts run together without
punctuation
• Fused sentence: two sentences joined with no
punctuation at all
– John told everyone in the room to be quiet his
favorite show was on.
• Comma splice: comma is used to incorrectly join two
sentences
– John told everyone in the room to be quiet, his
favorite show was on.
Correct Run-on Sentences
1. Use a period and a capital letter
John told everyone in the room to be quiet. His
favorite show was on.
2. Use a comma plus a joining word (and, but, for,
or, nor, so, yet)
John told everyone in the room to be quiet, for his
favorite show was on.
3. Use a semicolon
John told everyone in the room to be quiet; his
favorite show was on.
Comma Splice Fixed
•
Comma Splice: The concertgoers had been waiting in the hot
sun for two hours, many were beginning to show their impatience
by chanting and clapping.
•
Corrected: The concertgoers had been waiting in the hot sun for
two hours, and many were beginning to show their impatience
by chanting and clapping.
•
Corrected: The concertgoers had been waiting in the hot sun for
two hours; many were beginning to show their impatience by
chanting and clapping.
Parallelism
• Words in a pair or series should have
parallel structure
• Makes the sentence clearer and easier
to read
Parallelism
Nonparallel
My job includes checking the inventory,
signing the orders, and to call the suppliers.
Parallel
My job includes checking the inventory,
signing the orders, and calling the suppliers.
(Balanced series of -ing words)
Parallelism
Nonparallel
The game-show contestant was told to be
cheerful, charming, and with enthusiasm.
Parallel
The game-show contestant was told to be
cheerful, charming, and enthusiastic.
(Balanced series of descriptive words)
Parallelism
Nonparallel
Grandmother likes to read mystery
novels, to do needlepoint, and
browsing the Internet on her home
computer.
Parallel
Grandmother likes to read mystery
novels, to do needlepoint, and to
browse the Internet on her home
computer.
(Balanced series of to verbs)