Transcript Grammar Review PPT

VERB TENSE
Mrs. Nichols
English II Pre-AP
CONSISTENCY OF VERB TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE
HISTORICAL PRESENT
WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE
Consistency of Verb Tense
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The tense of verbs must remain consistent in the
sentence. If the sentence starts in present tense, it
should stay in the present tense. If it begins in the
past, it should remain in the past.
EX – Because she sang so beautifully, she wins the
contest.
Sang is past tense while wins is present. We need
to change wins to won.
Write the corrected sentences in your notes.
The leprechaun walked to school,
and on the way he drops his pot
o’ gold.
Write the corrected sentences in your notes.
The concert finally ended, but all
the taxis are busy.
Write the corrected sentences in your notes.
The rhino has some good points,
but he also had some tough skin.
Write the corrected sentences in your notes.
The man tries to rescue the
hamster, but he was not
successful.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
The leprechaun walked to school, and on the way
he dropped his pot o’ gold.
The concert finally ended, but all the taxis were
busy.
The rhino has some good points, but he also has
some tough skin.
The man tries to rescue the hamster, but he is not
successful.
Past Perfect Tense
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The past perfect tense always uses the helping verb
had with the main verb. This tense is used to indicate
a time that precedes another time mentioned in the
sentence.
EX—I had seen the movie before I saw Janet at the
store.
The action of seeing the movie occurred before the
action of seeing Janet. The first action to happen
requires past perfect tense. The last action to
happen requires past tense. Using these two tenses
keeps the time reference clear in written English.
Write the corrected sentences in your notes.
Until last Friday, we thought we
lost the unicorn.
Write the corrected sentences in
your notes.
By the time Matilda left, Bruce
ate the entire cake.
Write the corrected sentences in
your notes.
David probably saw the error
long before he corrected it.
Write the corrected sentences in
your notes.
After finding her absent, I knew
that she went to the Beyonce
concert with Devlin.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
Until last Friday, we had thought we lost the book.
By the time Kelly left, Mary had eaten the entire
cake.
David probably had seen the error long before
he corrected it.
After finding her absent, I knew that she had gone
to the concert.
Historical Present Tense
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Part of the sentence may be in the past tense, but
another part might be in the present if that second
part is something that is always true.
For example, we know as a fact that light travels
faster than sound. Since this is always true, we state
the fact in the present tense, regardless of what
happens in the rest of the sentence.
Example of historical present tense
Incorrect: His research was based on the concept that
light traveled faster than sound.
Correct: His research was based on the concept that
light travels faster than sound.
Present Tense When Discussing
Literature
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Another time we consistently use the present tense is
when discussing literature: the accepted convention
is to discuss the actions in fiction in terms of present
tense.
Incorrect: The main character of the story
disregarded his father’s wishes.
Correct: The main character of the story disregards
his father’s wishes.
Assessment of what you’ve learned: Write
the corrected sentences in your notes.
By the time I left, Baxter ate the
entire wheel of cheese.
Assessment of what you’ve learned: Write
the corrected sentences in your notes.
Through experience Janet
learned that hot dogs and ice
cream produced obesity.
Assessment of what you’ve learned: Write
the corrected sentences in your notes.
In the novel, the hero stressed his
love for the woman.
Assessment of what you’ve learned: Write
the corrected sentences in your notes.
Jerry said that Newton’s third
law of physics stated that for
every action there was an equal
and opposite reaction.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
By the time I left, Baxter had eaten the entire
wheel of cheese.
Through experience Janet learned that hot dogs
and ice cream produce obesity.
In the novel, the hero stresses his love for the
woman.
Jerry said that Newton’s third law of physics states
that for every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
SUBJECT FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
SUBJECT FOLLOWING THE EXPLETIVE THERE
SUBJECT AFTER VERB
COMPOUND SUBJECTS JOINED BY OR OR NOR
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Mrs. Nichols
English II Pre-AP
Subject-Verb Agreement
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The concept of subject-verb agreement is relatively
simple: the subject and verb of each sentence must
agree with each other in number (singular subject,
singular verb, etc.)
Common errors occur
 with
a simple subject followed by a prepositional
phrase
 with a subject following the expletive there
 with the subject following the verb
 with a compound subject whose parts are joined by or
or nor
Subject-Verb Agreement
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Subject followed by prepositional phrase
Singular subject must be followed by singular verb
(verb ending with s)
Plural subject must be followed by plural verb (verb
with no s)
Common prepositions – of, with, at, on, for, to,
between, beneath, below, above, along, against
 One
of the boats are sinking.
 One of the boats is sinking.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Subject following a prepositional phrase
One of the boats are sinking.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Subject following a prepositional phrase
The man with two platypi are
walking down the street.
Subject-Verb Agreement
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Deciding whether or not the verb agrees with the
subject is sometimes difficult because of the nature
and placement of the subject.
Incorrect: There is always two men on guard at this
post.
Correct: There are always two men on guard at this
post.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Subject following the expletive there
There goes the three moose of
the mountain.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Subject following the expletive there
There were never a harder
decision to make.
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Subject following the expletive there
There was only two pirates at
the door to greet us.
Subject-Verb Agreement
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The third type of error deals with the placement of
the subject after the verb.
Example: Down the road in a bright red car came
the two girls.
Incorrect: Far away from the rest of the crowd
stands the three men.
Correct: Far away from the rest of the crowd stand
the three men.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Subject after the verb
Beneath those pictures on the
wall are the artist’s name.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Subject after the verb
Around the corner from my
house lives the Lord Voledmort.
Subject-Verb Agreement
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When a compound subject is joined by or or nor, we
look at the part of the subject that sits closest to
the verb to determine singular or plural.
Example: Neither the girl nor the two boys want to
go eat breakfast.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Compound subjects joined by or or nor
Either Jane or Sally (seem,
seems) to be weirder than
usual.
Correct these sentences in your notes.
Compound subjects joined by or or nor
The lantern or the street lights
on the road (is, are) shining
brightly.