Transcript draw
Inovácia obsahu a metód vzdelávania prispôsobená potrebám vedomostnej spoločnosti ART TECHNIQUES Drawing (grammar) VYPRACOVAL: Mgr. VLADISLAV KRAVEC, jún 2014 „Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť/Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ“ CONTENT • Grammar used in this lesson (Present simple and continuous tense revision – form, use) Grammar in use • Present simple tense – he, she, it: in the third person singular the verb always ends in -s: he draws, she needs, he gives, she thinks. – Negative and question forms use DOES (=the third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the infinitive of the verb. E.g.: He draws. Does he draw? He does not draw. Grammar in use – Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies: fly flies, cry cries !Exception!: if there is a vowel before the -y: play plays, pray prays – Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch: he passes, she sketches, he fixes, it pushes Grammar in use • Present continuous tense - The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb. E.g. : I am drawing, You are sketching, She is observing... - The form of the present participle is: base + ing, e.g. sketching, measuring, rubbing Grammar in use • Present simple and continuous tense comparison: + He draws / He is drawing ? Does he draw / Is he drawing? - He does not draw / He is not (isn’t) drawing. Grammar in use – PS vs. PC Present simple tense is used: • to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes: I sketch my ideas every day (repeated action); He lives in Prešov (unchanging situation); Crosshatching is a shading technique (general truth) • to give instructions or directions: You start drawing rough shapes and then refine the outline and add some details. Grammar in use - PS • to express fixed arrangements, present or future: Your drawing lesson starts at 9:10 am. • to express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until: He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday. • ! The simple present is not used to express actions happening now. ! Grammar in use – PC Present continuous tense is used: • to describe an action that is going on at this moment e.g. You are reading this text. You are studying English grammar. • to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend, e.g. Are you still studying at the same school? More and more people are becoming vegetarian. Grammar in use – PC • to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared • e.g. We're going on Landscape drawing course tomorrow. I'm drawing a portrait of my friend tonight. • to describe a temporary event or situation, e.g. He usually draws figures, but he's drawing a still-life tomorrow. Grammar in use – PC • with 'always, forever, constantly', to describe and emphasise a continuing series of frequently repeated actions, e.g. Lea is always coming late to the lesson! You're forever complaining about your English teachers! Sources • Murphy, R.: English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University press, 2004 • Murphy, R.: Essential Grammar in Use, Klett Ernst /Schulbuch, 2013 • Turnbull, J., Lea, D., Parkinson, D., Phillips, P., Francis, B., Webb, S., Bull, V., Ashby, M.: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2010 • http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/ • http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/