Transcript Most - Brookwood High School

Section III A: Parts of Speech
0 The sentence you are being asked about looks like this:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most new drivers are very unaware of the dangers that exist on
the roads.
0 a. Noun
0 b. pronoun
0 c. adverb
d. Adjective
e. Verb
f. Preposition
g. Conjunction
h. Interjection
What part of speech is most?
0 Most new drivers are unaware of the dangers that exist on the roads.
0 Normally, students (and other grammarians) would wish to classify
0
0
0
0
most as an indefinite pronoun. In fact, most would be an indefinite
pronoun functioning as the subject of the sentence if the words ‘new
drivers’ were not included in the sentence.
However, the addition of the words ‘new drivers’ shift most into an
adjectival function in the sentence. What does this mean?
Most no longer functions as a pronoun taking the place of the noun
drivers; therefore, most is no longer the subject of the sentence. Most
is now functioning as an adjective which describes the noun and
subject of the sentence which is drivers.
New is just a supplemental adjective describing the noun and subject of
the sentence drivers. There is no comma necessary between most and
new because the order of the adjectives is essential to the meaning of
the sentence.
In conclusion, most and new are both adjectives describing the noun
drivers in the above sentence.
What are the indefinite
pronouns?
0 Indefinite Pronouns refer to non-specific persons and
things.
0 All, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each,
either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, neither,
nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, several, some, somebody,
someone, something
0 Nota Bene: although the word most is sometimes identified
as an indefinite pronoun, it is functioning as an adjective in
the previous sentence!
What part of speech is drivers?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most new drivers are very unaware of the dangers that exist on the
roads.
0 a. Noun
0 b. pronoun
0 c. adverb
d. Adjective
e. Verb
f. Preposition
g. Conjunction
h. Interjection
What part of speech is drivers?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most new drivers are very unaware of the dangers that exist on
the roads.
0 As discussed previously in the presentation, drivers is
functioning as a noun and as the subject of the sentence.
0 Remember, a noun is a person, place or thing, and a subject is
always who or what the sentence is about.
What part of speech is very?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most new drivers are very unaware of the dangers that exist on the
roads.
0 a. Noun
0 b. pronoun
0 c. adverb
d. Adjective
e. Verb
f. Preposition
g. Conjunction
h. Interjection
What part of speech is very?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most new drivers are very unaware of the dangers that exist on the roads.
0 a. Noun
d. Adjective
g. Conjunction
0 b. pronoun
e. Verb
h. Interjection
0 c. adverb
f. Preposition
0 An adverb is a word that modifies (or describes) a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb. In this instance, very is modifying, or describing, the
predicate adjective unaware. Remember that ‘are’ is a linking verb.
Two things that may follow a linking verb are either a predicate
nominative (a noun which follows a linking verb and renames the
subject of the sentence), or a predicate adjective (an adjective which
follows a linking verb and modifies or describes the subject of the
sentence).
0 Therefore, very is functioning as an adverb in the above sentence
because it is describing the predicate adjective unaware.
What part of speech is on?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most new drivers are very unaware of the dangers that exist on the
roads.
0 a. Noun
d. Adjective
g. Conjunction
0 b. pronoun
e. Verb
h. Interjection
0 c. adverb
f. Preposition
0 Remember that prepositions are short words that show
relationships between two parts of a sentence: the object of
the preposition and another noun in the sentence. The word
preposition has the word ‘position’ inside of it. In the above
sentence, the preposition on is showing a relationship between
the two nouns roads and dangers.
What part of speech is it?
5. 6.
7.
It takes several years of practice to become an alert and
cautious driver.
0 It is functioning as a third person, nominative case
pronoun which means it is the subject of the above
sentence. Remember that nominative case pronouns
can function as subjects and predicate nominatives in
sentences. Here, the noun that it (the subject of the
sentence) replaces is in the predicate: several years
of practice.
A Review of the Pronoun Cases
we Studied this Year
Person
Nominative
Objective
Possessive
Use nominative case when
the personal pronoun is in
the subject or the predicate
nominative of the sentence
Use objective case pronouns
when the pronoun is acting as
the direct object, object of the
preposition, indirect object, or
the object of anything else!
These pronouns
indicate ownership
and when the pronoun
is in front of a gerund.
I
you
me
you
my/mine
your/yours
Third/
Singular
she, he, it
her, him, it
First/Plural
we
they
us
them
her, hers, his,
its
our, ours
their, theirs
First/Singular
Second/
Singular
Third/Plural
What part of speech is takes?
5. 6.
7.
It takes several years of practice to become an alert and cautious driver.
0 a. Noun
d. Adjective
g. Conjunction
0 b. pronoun
e. Verb
h. Interjection
0 c. adverb
f. Preposition
0 Takes is functioning as an action verb in the present tense. This
means that the action in the sentence is occurring right now.
0 A past tense verb indicates that the action in a sentence has already
occurred.
0 A future tense verb indicates that the action in the sentence is yet to
occur, but will occur later on down the road.
What part of speech is and?
5. 6.
7.
It takes several years of practice to become an alert and cautious
driver.
0 a. Noun
d. Adjective
g. Conjunction
0 b. pronoun
e. Verb
h. Interjection
0 c. adverb
f. Preposition
0 And is functioning as a coordinating conjunction in that it is
joining the two adjectives ‘alert’ and ‘cautious’ which describe
the noun driver.
Section III B: Parts of a Sentence
Analyze the sentence below. What sentence part is ‘students’?
1.
2.
0 Many students have several options upon graduation.
3.
4.
5.
0 Most students are college-bound. Others join the work force or
the military.
a. subject
b. linking verb
c. direct object
d. indirect object
g. predicate nominative
e. action verb
f. predicate adjective
What sentence part is ‘students’?
1.
2.
0 Many students have several options upon graduation.
3.
4.
5.
0 Most students are college-bound. Others join the work force or
the military.
a. subject
d. indirect object
g. predicate nominative
b. linking verb e. action verb
c. direct object f. predicate adjective
Students is the subject of the above sentence. Remember, that the
subject of the sentence is who or what the sentence is about.
Again we see the indefinite pronoun many functioning as an
adjective describing the subject of the sentence which is students.
What sentence part is options?
1.
2.
0 Many students have several options upon graduation.
3.
4.
5.
0 Most students are college-bound. Others join the work force or
the military.
a. subject
d. indirect object
g. predicate nominative
b. linking verb e. action verb
c. direct object f. predicate adjective
To have is a member of the mixed verbs group. These verbs have
more than one meaning. In a way, each meaning is a unique verb.
Some meanings behave like "Non-Continuous Verbs," while other
meanings behave like "Normal Verbs."
What
sentence
part
is
options?
1.
2.
0 Many students have several options upon graduation.
3.
4.
5.
0 Most students are college-bound. Others join the work force or the
military.
a. subject
d. indirect object
g. predicate nominative
b. linking verb
e. action verb
c. direct object f. predicate adjective
0 Mixed Verbs include:
0 to appear, to feel, to have, to hear, to look, to see, to weigh...
0 Here we see have indicating possession in that the students have
several options. Options answers the question ‘what do the students
have’? Therefore, options is the direct object of the verb ‘to have’.
What
sentence
part
is
are?
1.
2.
0 Many students have several options upon graduation.
3.
4.
5.
0 Most students are college-bound. Others join the work force or
the military.
a. subject
d. indirect object
g. predicate nominative
b. linking verb e. action verb
c. direct object f. predicate adjective
0 Are is functioning as a linking verb. In the above sentence, the
verb are links the subject ‘students’ to the predicate adjective
college-bound.
0 College-bound is a compound predicate adjective which follows
a linking verb and describes the subject of the above sentence
‘students’.
What sentence part is join?
1.
2.
0 Many students have several options upon graduation.
3.
4.
5.
0 Most students are college-bound. Others join the work force or
the military.
a. subject
d. indirect object
g. predicate nominative
b. linking verb e. action verb
c. direct object f. predicate adjective
0 Join is functioning as an action verb in the present tense in the
above sentence.
Part III C: Sentence Types
0 Simple: 1 independent clause and no dependent clause
0 Compound: 2 independent clauses and no dependent clauses
0 Complex: 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent
clauses
0 Compound-complex: 2 independent clauses and 1 or more
dependent clauses
0 Identify the sentence type of the below sentence:
0 Either Mike or I must go pick up Karen at the airport.
Part III C: Sentence Types
0 Simple: 1 independent clause and no dependent clause
0 Compound: 2 independent clauses and no dependent clauses
0 Complex: 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent
clauses
0 Compound-complex: 2 independent clauses and 1 or more
dependent clauses
0 Identify the sentence type of the below sentence:
0 Either Mike or I must go pick up Karen at the airport.
0 Because there is one subject (it is compound, but it still functions
as a single subject) and one verb, this is a simple sentence.
Part III C: Sentence Types
0 Simple: 1 independent clause and no dependent clause
0 Compound: 2 independent clauses and no dependent clauses
0 Complex: 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent
clauses
0 Compound-complex: 2 independent clauses and 1 or more
dependent clauses
0 Identify the sentence type of the below sentence:
0 Sarah completed the assignment last week, but she did not turn
it in until today.
Part III C: Sentence Types
0 Simple: 1 independent clause and no dependent clause
0 Compound: 2 independent clauses and no dependent clauses
0 Complex: 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent
clauses
0 Compound-complex: 2 independent clauses and 1 or more
dependent clauses
0 Identify the sentence type of the below sentence:
0 Sarah completed the assignment last week, but she did not turn
it in until today.
0 Here we have two independent clauses joined by a coordinating
conjunction; therefore, we have a compound sentence.
Part III C: Sentence Types
0 Simple: 1 independent clause and no dependent clause
0 Compound: 2 independent clauses and no dependent clauses
0 Complex: 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses
0 Compound-complex: 2 independent clauses and 1 or more
dependent clauses
0 Identify the sentence type of the below sentence:
0 Though the concert was yesterday, Mike went to the arena this
morning, and he sat and waited there for 3 hours.
0 Poor Mike. Here we have a dependent clause attached to two
independent clauses; the second independent clause has a compound
verb (however, it is still categorized as one independent clause).
Therefore, we have a compound-complex sentence.
Part III C: Sentence Types
0 Simple: 1 independent clause and no dependent clause
0 Compound: 2 independent clauses and no dependent clauses
0 Complex: 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent
clauses
0 Compound-complex: 2 independent clauses and 1 or more
dependent clauses
0 Identify the sentence type of the below sentence:
0 Until this morning, I didn’t realize who that young man was.
Part III C: Sentence Types
0
0
0
0
Simple: 1 independent clause and no dependent clause
Compound: 2 independent clauses and no dependent clauses
Complex: 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses
Compound-complex: 2 independent clauses and 1 or more
dependent clauses
0 Identify the sentence type of the below sentence:
0 Until this morning, I didn’t realize who that young man was.
0 Okay, here we have a tricky sentence. We begin with a phrase attached
to an independent clause which has a dependent noun clause
embedded in the sentence as part of the predicate. Therefore, we have
one independent and one dependent clause which is a complex
sentence.
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 The students are leaving for their trip at 8:00.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 The students are leaving for their trip at 8:00.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 Allison, the conference leader, arrived two hours late.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 Allison, the conference leader, arrived two hours late.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Remember, appositive phrases are phrases
that rename another noun in a sentence.
Appositives are nouns that rename another
noun. Appositives are normally located
beside the nouns they modify.
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 He had to run quickly in order to win the event.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 He had to run quickly in order to win the event.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Infinitives are made up of to plus a verb:
to laugh, to sing, to dance, etc. Infinitive
phrases are comprised of an infinitive
and all of its modifiers.
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 On the way to school, I realized I had forgotten my book at home.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 On the way to school, I realized I had forgotten my book at home.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Prepositions are small words that show
relationships between words in a
sentence. Many grammar teachers
describe prepositions as anything a
bird can do to a cloud, or anything a
squirrel can do to a tree.
Prepositional phrases are comprised of
the preposition, any articles or
adjectives, and the object of the
preposition.
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 Running can be a wonderful way to get your heart in shape.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 Running can be a wonderful way to get your heart in shape.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Gerunds are verbs that end in –ing that
function as nouns. Gerund phrases are
comprised of the gerund, all of its
modifiers, and objects.
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 The laughing child helped to put everyone in a better mood.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
Part III D: Verbal Phrases
0 Identify what type of phrase is in the below sentence:
0 The laughing child helped to put everyone in a better mood.
0 a. Verb Phrase
0 b. Prepositional Phase
0 c. Infinitive Phrase
0 d. Gerund Phrase
0 e. Participial Phrase
0 f. Appositive Phrase
A participle is a verbal that ends in –ing, -ed,
or –d and functions as an adjective. A
pariticipial phrase is comprised of the
participle, its modifiers, and objects.
Part III E: Dependent Clauses
0 Identify what type of dependent clause is in the below sentence:
0 Savannah, which is a city in Georgia, is known to be one of the
most historic cities in the United States.
0 a. Adjective Clause b. Adverb Clause c. Noun Clause
Part III E: Dependent Clauses
0 Identify what type of dependent clause is in the below sentence:
0 Savannah, which is a city in Georgia, is known to be one of the
most historic cities in the United States.
0 a. Adjective Clause b. Adverb Clause c. Noun Clause
An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a
noun or a pronoun. An adjective clause is a
dependent clause which functions as an adjective in a
sentence.
Part III E: Dependent Clauses
0 Identify what type of dependent clause is in the below sentence:
0 Whoever finds the ring will need to turn it in to the main office.
0 a. Adjective Clause b. Adverb Clause c. Noun Clause
Part III E: Dependent Clauses
0 Identify what type of dependent clause is in the below sentence:
0 Whoever finds the ring will need to turn it in to the main office.
0 a. Adjective Clause b. Adverb Clause c. Noun Clause
A noun is a person, place, or thing. A noun clause is a dependent
clause which functions like a noun in a sentence. Noun clauses can
take the place of the subject, predicate nominative, appositive,
indirect object, direct object, or object of the preposition.
Part III E: Dependent Clauses
0 Identify what type of dependent clause is in the below sentence:
0 We will have to leave now unless someone can arrange another
method of transportation for us.
0 a. Adjective Clause b. Adverb Clause c. Noun Clause
Part III E: Dependent Clauses
0 Identify what type of dependent clause is in the below sentence:
0 We will have to leave now unless someone can arrange another
method of transportation for us.
0 a. Adjective Clause b. Adverb Clause c. Noun Clause
Adverbs are words that answer the questions who, where, when, why, and
how much. Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs. Adverb clauses are dependent clauses that function like adverbs in
sentences.