Transcript Sentence Complements

Sentence
Complements
• Compliment = I give you a compliment
• “Nice hair…”
• Complement= Something that goes with
something else
• “Ketchup goes with French fries.”
Sentence Complements:
Direct object
Predicate Nominative
Indirect Object
Predicate Adjective
The Direct Object
• Follows an action verb
• Answers the question:
– Action verb who? Action verb what?
• The tires formed skid marks.
•
AV
DO
• IS ALWAYS A NOUN OR A PRONOUN
Action verbs can take or not take a
direct object.
•
•
•
•
Transitive verbs TAKE a direct object
The tires formed skid marks.
“formed what?” skid marks
Intransitive verbs DO NOT take a direct
object.
• The wax formed into a hideous creature
before our eyes.
Prepositional phrase
• “into a hideous creature before our eyes”
• Tells HOW it was formed. NOT A D.O.!
A DIRECT OBJECT RECEIVES
THE ACTION OF THE
TRANSITIVE VERB.
Sam, throw the football!
Throw what? Football
D.O.
A sentence complement
completes the thought of the
sentence.
The mechanical man startled the
unsuspecting boy.
Action verb
direct object
A direct object may be compound.
• The excited crowd watched the receiver
A.V.
D.O.
and his pursuers.
D.O.
Compound direct object=
Receiver / pursuers
• A direct object will NEVER
follow a linking verb!
She is my homeroom teacher.
Is = linking verb
teacher = predicate nominative
To find the direct object ask:
• Action verb who?
• Or
• Action verb what?
Practice: Direct Objects
1. Hurricanes drop rain wherever they go.
2. They generate gale winds that may exceed 150 miles per hour.
3. The weather bureau uses satellites to track hurricanes.
4. A hurricane has an eye of about fifteen miles in width.
5. The Coast Guard patrols the United States waterways.
6. They must face floods and shipwrecks.
7. A radio center warns ships at sea.
8. Crews often mark certain icebergs as part of tracking.
9. They shoot colored dye at the icebergs.
10.Icebergs can cover distances of five to forty miles per day.
**Icebergs have been sighted as far south as Bermuda.
Answers: Direct Objects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hurricanes drop rain wherever they go.
They generate gale winds that may exceed 150 miles per
hour.
The weather bureau uses satellites to track hurricanes.
A hurricane has an eye of about fifteen miles in width.
The Coast Guard patrols the United States waterways.
They must face floods and shipwrecks.
A radio center warns ships at sea.
Crews often mark certain icebergs as part of tracking.
They shoot colored dye at the icebergs.
Icebergs can cover distances of five to forty miles per day.
**Icebergs have been sighted as far south as Bermuda.
There is no direct object in the above sentence. The verb
phrase (have been sighted) is an intransitive one.
Indirect Object
 tells to whom or for whom the
action of the verb is done.
Where is the indirect object in the
sentence?
• The indirect object comes after an action
verb and before a direct object.
• Clara feeds the dogs high-protein food.
•
•
Subject
action verb
V
article indirect object
I
adjective
direct object
D
• The pattern for a sentence with an indirect
object is always:
Think VIDeo!
•V I D
“Get me the video camera…”
Verb indirect obj direct obj.
Compound Indirect Objects
• Clara gives the dogs and their owners clear instructions.
• SUB
VERB
I.O.
I.O.
D.O.
Notice that the indirect object
always receives something. That
something is the direct object.
Remember: You can have a sentence with a
direct object but no indirect object.
• However: You can’t have an indirect
object without a direct object.
• In other words, you can’t have someone or
thing receive something without having
something to receive (which is what the
direct object is!)
• Ron sells hamburgers.
• SUBJ VERB D.O.
Practice: Indirect Objects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Clara had given her dog obedience training.
2. Clara showed her neighbor her dog-training ability.
3. Mr. Ramirez offered Clara a job training his dog.
4. Mr. Ramirez has been telling his friends his high opinion of
Clara’s skills.
5. Now Clara teaches many dogs basic obedience skills.
6. She is building herself a bank account for college.
7. Mrs. Ames assigned the class a project about pets.
8. She gave everyone the assignment.
9. Individuals and groups gave us some valuable ideas.
10. We made ourselves a promise to adopt all of our future pets
from the local shelter.
Answers: Indirect Objects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Clara had given her dog obedience training.
2. Clara showed her neighbor her dog-training ability.
3. Mr. Ramirez offered Clara a job training his dog.
4. Mr. Ramirez has been telling his friends his high
opinion of Clara’s skills.
5. Now Clara teaches many dogs basic obedience
skills.
6. She is building herself a bank account for college.
7. Mrs. Ames assigned the class a project about pets.
8. She gave everyone the assignment.
9. Individuals and groups gave us some valuable ideas.
10. We made ourselves a promise to adopt all of our
future pets from the local shelter.
Predicate Nominatives
• A noun or a pronoun that follows a linking
verb and renames the subject
• Mr. Cohen is a man with much to tell.
•
subject
linking verb predicate nominative
predicate
nominative =
predicate noun
Think of a linking verb as an
equal sign
• Mr. Cohen has been a shop owner for years.
• Subject
LV
• Mr. Cohen = owner
predicate nominative
Check the verb!
• Action Verbs:
• Linking verbs:
• Direct objects
• Indirect objects
• Predicate nominatives
• Predicate Adjectives
A predicate nominative can be
compound.
• Mr. Cohen is a storekeeper and friend.
• Subject
LV
=
PN
PN
Practice
• 1. Mr. Cohen’s shop has been a gathering place for more than fifty
years.
• 2. Even my grandparents were his customers and friends.
• 3. Mr. Cohen is a wonderful storyteller.
• 4. When he was young, his life was a challenge.
• 5. I am a fortunate person to know Mr. Cohen.
• 6. In the summer, the stores were hothouses.
• 7. Today, with air-conditioning, they are almost iceboxes.
• 8. For a visitor to a faraway state, the train trip was a challenge.
• 9. Today, after a speedy plane trip, you are a happy person.
• 10. When Mr. Cohen was a child, this land was farmland.
Answers: Predicate Nouns
• 1. Mr. Cohen’s shop has been a gathering place for more than fifty
years.
• 2. Even my grandparents were his customers and friends.
• 3. Mr. Cohen is a wonderful storyteller.
• 4. When he was young, his life was a challenge.
• 5. I am a fortunate person to know Mr. Cohen.
• 6. In the summer, the stores were hothouses.
• 7. Today, with air-conditioning, they are almost iceboxes.
• 8. For a visitor to a faraway state, the train trip was a challenge.
• 9. Today, after a speedy plane trip, you are a happy person.
• 10. When Mr. Cohen was a child, this land was farmland.
Predicate Adjective
• Follows a linking verb and describes the
subject of the sentence
• The soda was cold and refreshing.
•
subject
LV ADJ
ADJ
Linking Verbs
• am is are was were
• have been will have been
• taste
feel
• look
sound
seem
will be
shall be
appear
Practice
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. The container of milk smells sour.
2. The situation appears complicated.
3. The pie tastes delicious.
4. The situation appears complicated.
5. Everyone remained calm.
6. The room was light blue.
7. Your dog is very aggressive.
8. J.K. Rowling’s books have become famous.
9. Her stories are sometimes complicated.
10. The ocean looks calm tonight.
Answers: Predicate Adjectives
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. The container of milk smells sour.
2. The situation appears complicated.
3. The pie tastes delicious.
4. The situation was grim.
5. Everyone remained calm.
6. The room was light blue.
7. Your dog is very aggressive.
8. J.K. Rowling’s books have become famous.
9. Her stories are sometimes complicated.
10. The ocean looks calm tonight.
Tell if the highlighted word is a predicate noun,
predicate adjective, direct object, or indirect object.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dara is a main character in The Clay Marble.
The sturdy ox pulls the empty cart.
Palm fronds shade the weary travelers.
The air is thick with humidity and mosquitoes.
The morning mist gave the campsite a dreamlike
quality.
6. Mother became ill with dread.
7. Rain pelted the dry, dusty wagon.
8. Jantu made the children toys.
9. Jantu made the children toys.
10. Cambodia is the setting of the novel.
PN=predicate noun PA=predicate adjective
DO=direct object
IO=indirect object
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dara is a main character in The Clay Marble.
The sturdy ox pulls the empty cart.
Palm fronds shade the weary travelers.
The air is thick with humidity and mosquitoes.
The morning mist gave the campsite a dreamlike
quality.
6. Mother became ill with dread.
7. Rain pelted the dry, dusty wagon.
8. Jantu made the children toys.
9. Jantu made the children toys.
10. Cambodia is the setting of the novel.