Transcript Direct Speech

Direct Speech
Vs
Indirect Speech
Three Kinds of Direct Speech
displays
Type 1
He said, “The first hero in Thai history was
King Ram Kam Hang.”
Type 2
“The first hero in Thai history was King Ram
Kam Hang,” he said.
Type 3
“The first hero in Thai history,” he said, “was
King Ram Kam Hang.”
How to use ‘Say and Tell’
1. We use ‘tell’ if we want to say who we are
speaking to:
-Did you tell Nancy how to get there?
2. We use ‘say’ when we do not mention the
person we are speaking to:
-All the doctors say there’s nothing wrong
with me.
Changing DS to IDS
•
•
•
•
Change “Tense”
Change “Personal pronoun”
Change “Nearness to Distance
Change “Reporting verb”
Changing Tenses
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Past Continuous
Future Form
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future in the Past Forms
He said, "I live in Paris." He said he lived in Paris.
He said, "I am cooking dinner." He said he was cooking dinner.
He said, "I have visited London twice." He said he had visited London twice.
He said, "I went to New York last week." He said he had gone to New York
the week before.
He said, "I had already eaten." He said he had already eaten.
He said, "I am going to find a new job." He said he was going to find
a new job.
He said, "I will give Jack a call." He said he would give Jack a call.
When do we change the tense?
1. After a past-tense verb, there is often a tense
change.
2. If the statement is still up to date, then we
have a choice to change or to maintain.
3. If the statement is no longer up to date, then
we change the tense.
4. We usually change the tense if we think the
statement is untrue or may be untrue.
Modal Verbs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
can
He said, “I can go to school every day.”
could
He said (that) he could go to school every day.
may
He said, “I may go to school every day.”
might
He said (that) he might go to school every day.
might
He said, “I might go to school every day.”
must
He said, “I must go to school every day.”
had to
He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to
He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
should
He said, “I should go to school every day.”
should
He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to
He said, “I ought to go to school every day.”
ought to
He said (that) he ought to go to school every day
Nearness to Distance
Direct
this
these
now
here
ago
tonight
today
last night
yesterday
last month
last week
next week
tomorrow
Indirect
that
those
then, at that time
there
before
that night
that day
the night before
the day before, the previous day
the month before
the week before
the following week
the following day, the next day