Transcript ch08

Verbs: Kinds, Voices, Moods
Objectives
• Distinguish between transitive and
intransitive verbs.
• Identify at least ten linking verbs.
• Recognize active- and passive-voice
verbs.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 8 - 2
Verbs: Kinds, Voices, Moods
• Convert sentences written in the
passive voice to sentences in the
active voice.
• Recognize sentence constructions
requiring the subjunctive mood.
• Create sentences using the
subjunctive mood correctly.
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Ch. 8 - 3
What is a verb?
A verb expresses occurrence,
action, or a state of being.
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Ch. 8 - 4
Kinds of Verbs
Transitive
• Transitive verbs express an action
directed toward a person or thing.
• Transitive verbs require objects (nouns
or pronouns) to complete their
meanings.
The committee developed guidelines.
transitive verb^
^object
Mr. Hanson called her yesterday.
transitive verb^
^object
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Ch. 8 - 5
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
1. McDonald’s gave coupons to the winners.
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Ch. 8 - 6
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
1. McDonald’s gave coupons to the winners.
transitive verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 7
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
1. McDonald’s gave coupons to the winners.
transitive verb ^
object ^
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Ch. 8 - 8
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
2. The winners ate free Big Macs.
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Ch. 8 - 9
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
2. The winners ate free Big Macs.
transitive verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 10
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
2. The winners ate free Big Macs.
transitive verb ^
object ^
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Ch. 8 - 11
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
3. Please lay the change on the counter.
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Ch. 8 - 12
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
3. Please lay the change on the counter.
transitive verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 13
Check your skill . . .
Identify the transitive verb in this
sentence.
3. Please lay the change on the counter.
transitive verb ^
object ^
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Ch. 8 - 14
Kinds of Verbs
Intransitive
• Intransitive verbs express action but do
not require objects to complete their
meanings.
Marcia walked to her office each day.
\intransitive/
John laughed loudly at the joke.
\intransitive/
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Ch. 8 - 15
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
1. Greg listened carefully to the proposal.
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Ch. 8 - 16
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
1. Greg listened carefully to the proposal.
intransitive verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 17
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
1. Greg listened carefully to the proposal.
intransitive verb ^ adverb ^
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 8 - 18
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
2. I worked at that job for nine years.
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Ch. 8 - 19
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
2. I worked at that job for nine years.
^ intransitive verb
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Ch. 8 - 20
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
2. I worked at that job for nine years.
^ intransitive verb
^ prepositional phrase
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Ch. 8 - 21
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
3. Before the test Jack studied hard.
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Ch. 8 - 22
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
3. Before the test Jack studied hard.
intransitive verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 23
Check your skill . . .
Identify the intransitive verb in this
sentence.
3. Before the test Jack studied hard.
intransitive verb ^
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
^ adverb
Ch. 8 - 24
Kinds of Verbs
Linking Verbs
• Linking verbs link or join to subjects
words that rename or describe the
subjects.
• A noun, pronoun, or adjective that
renames or describes the subject is
called a complement.
Betty Ray is the new vice president.
^linking verb
^complement
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Ch. 8 - 25
Kinds of Verbs
Linking Verbs
• Some linking verbs are derived from
the infinitive to be: be, is, am, are, was,
were, been, and being.
• Other linking verbs are words that
reflect sense experience: feel, appear,
taste, seem, sound, etc.
The engine sounds good.
^ linking verb ^ complement
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Ch. 8 - 26
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
1. The caller could have been Jeremy.
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Ch. 8 - 27
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
1. The caller could have been Jeremy.
linking verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 28
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
1. The caller could have been Jeremy.
linking verb ^
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
^ complement
Ch. 8 - 29
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
2. It was he who called yesterday.
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Ch. 8 - 30
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
2. It was he who called yesterday.
linking verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 31
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
2. It was he who called yesterday.
linking verb ^
^ complement
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Ch. 8 - 32
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
3. Sheila felt bad about the news.
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Ch. 8 - 33
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
3. Sheila felt bad about the news.
linking verb ^
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Ch. 8 - 34
Check your skill . . .
Identify the linking verb and complement
in this sentence.
3. Sheila felt bad about the news.
linking verb ^
^ complement
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Ch. 8 - 35
Verb Voices
Active Voice
• Transitive verbs fall into two categories
depending upon the receiver of the action.
• When the verb expresses an action
directed by the subject toward the object
of the verb, the verb is in the active voice.
• Writing that incorporates active-voice
verbs is clear, direct, and forceful.
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Ch. 8 - 36
Verb Voices
Active Voice
Mrs. Wynn developed plans for charging fees.
^active voice
DataServe moved its operations to the West.
^active voice
Mr. Lee miscalculated the operating expenses.
^active voice
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Ch. 8 - 37
Verb Voices
Passive Voice
• When the action of a transitive verb is
directed toward the subject, the verb is
in the passive voice.
• Passive-voice verbs may be used to
disguise the doer or agent of an action.
• They may also be used when
indirectness is desired.
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Ch. 8 - 38
Verb Voices
Passive Voice
A plan for charging fees was developed.
\
passive voice /
Operations in the Southwest were expanded.
\
passive voice /
Current expenses have been miscalculated.
\
passive voice
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
/
Ch. 8 - 39
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
1. The bank stopped payment on the check.
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Ch. 8 - 40
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
1. The bank stopped payment on the check.
active voice ^
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Ch. 8 - 41
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
2. Mr. Day discovered the losses.
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Ch. 8 - 42
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
2. Mr. Day discovered the losses.
active voice ^
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Ch. 8 - 43
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
3. The losses were discovered last week.
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Ch. 8 - 44
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
3. The losses were discovered last week.
passive voice ^
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Ch. 8 - 45
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
4. Statements were issued for late accounts.
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Ch. 8 - 46
Check your skill . . .
Identify the voice of the verb in this
sentence.
4. Statements were issued for late accounts.
passive voice ^
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Ch. 8 - 47
Verb Moods
Three Moods
Three verb moods are used to express
attitudes toward subjects.
1. The indicative mood expresses a fact.
2. The imperative mood expresses
a command.
3. The subjunctive mood expresses a
doubt, conjecture (guess), or
suggestion.
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Ch. 8 - 48
Verb Moods
Subjunctive Mood
• Generally, only the subjunctive mood
causes difficulty.
• Learn to use it correctly in the
following types of construction.
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Ch. 8 - 49
Verb Moods
1. Doubtful Statement
• When a statement that is doubtful or
contrary to fact is introduced by if,
as if, or wish, the subjunctive form
were is substituted for the indicative
form was.
If I were boss, things would be different.
He acts as if he were his father.
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Ch. 8 - 50
Verb Moods
• If the statement could possibly be true,
use the indicative form.
If Mr. Cavello was at the meeting, I did not
see him.
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Ch. 8 - 51
Verb Moods
2. That Clause
• Use the subjunctive verb be when a
that clause follows a verb expressing
a command, recommendation,
request, suggestion, or requirement.
Connie Aragon suggested that all
budget requests be sent to her.
The doctor asked that the patient be
confined to bed.
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Ch. 8 - 52
Verb Moods
3. Motion
• Use a subjunctive verb form when
a motion is stated in a that clause.
The treasurer moved that a survey be
made.
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Ch. 8 - 53
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
1. I wish I (was, were) in your position.
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Ch. 8 - 54
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
1. I wish I (was, were) in your position.
subjunctive mood ^
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 8 - 55
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
2. If Troy (was/were) here earlier, he did not
sign the checks.
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 8 - 56
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
2. If Troy (was/were) here earlier, he did not
sign the checks.
indicative mood ^
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Ch. 8 - 57
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
3. The attorney recommended that we
(are/be) present at the hearing.
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Ch. 8 - 58
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
3. The attorney recommended that we
(are/be) present at the hearing.
^ subjunctive mood
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Ch. 8 - 59
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
4. One member moved that the motion
(is/be) tabled until next week.
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Ch. 8 - 60
Check your skill . . .
Select the correct verb form in this
sentence.
4. One member moved that the motion
(is/be) tabled until next week.
^ subjunctive mood
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Ch. 8 - 61
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb transitive, intransitive,
or linking?
1. When in doubt, careful writers consult their
dictionaries.
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Ch. 8 - 62
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb transitive, intransitive,
or linking?
1. When in doubt, careful writers consult their
dictionaries.
Transitive
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Ch. 8 - 63
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb transitive, intransitive,
or linking?
2. The supervisor felt bad about having to fire
some employees.
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Ch. 8 - 64
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb transitive, intransitive,
or linking?
2. The supervisor felt bad about having to fire
some employees.
Linking
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Ch. 8 - 65
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Are the underlined verbs transitive,
intransitive, or linking?
3. Stock prices rose; the market was unstable.
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Ch. 8 - 66
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Are the underlined verbs transitive,
intransitive, or linking?
3. Stock prices rose; the market was unstable.
Intransitive
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 8 - 67
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Are the underlined verbs transitive,
intransitive, or linking?
3. Stock prices rose; the market was unstable.
Intransitive
Linking
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Ch. 8 - 68
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb transitive, intransitive,
or linking?
4. Fortunately, Lisa found the error on the
statement immediately.
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Ch. 8 - 69
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb transitive, intransitive,
or linking?
4. Fortunately, Lisa found the error on the
statement immediately.
Transitive
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Ch. 8 - 70
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
5. The instructor required all students to read
business articles.
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Ch. 8 - 71
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
5. The instructor required all students to read
business articles.
Active
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Ch. 8 - 72
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
6. All students were required to read business
articles for class.
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Ch. 8 - 73
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
6. All students were required to read business
articles for class.
Passive
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Ch. 8 - 74
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
7. Special rates will be given to student
magazine subscribers.
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Ch. 8 - 75
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
7. Special rates will be given to student
magazine subscribers.
Passive
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Ch. 8 - 76
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
8. Candidates for the position completed
their applications carefully.
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Ch. 8 - 77
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Is the underlined verb active or passive?
8. Candidates for the position completed
their applications carefully.
Active
Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e
Ch. 8 - 78
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Select the correct verb.
9. If you (was, were) he, what would you do?
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Ch. 8 - 79
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Select the correct verb.
9. If you (was, were) he, what would you do?
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Ch. 8 - 80
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Select the correct verb.
10. If the check (was, were) sent last week, it
should be here somewhere.
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Ch. 8 - 81
Chapter 8 - Quiz
Select the correct verb.
10. If the check (was, were) sent last week, it
should be here somewhere.
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Ch. 8 - 82
END
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Ch. 8 - 83