Transcript How do writers capture sound

RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR
THIS LESSON
• WAHOME MUTAHI’S ARTICLE
• THE FOLLOWING POEMS:
– It’s a Great Big Shame
– Reading Shakespeare
• First Displace
GRAMMAR
• The form, positioning and grouping of the
elements that go to make up sentences
– the order in which words and phrases come in the
sentence: syntax
– And if you change the grammar you also change the
meaning
– Morphology. Morphology accounts for the building
blocks of meaning inside words.
• Suffixes
• Prefixes “I am unbwogleble”
Grammar
• The sentence structure
– Subject, Verb, Object/Compliment
• The Noun Phrase
• The Verb Phrase
• Adverbial, adjectival and prepositional
phrases
PHONOLIGICAL LEVEL
• Spoken language physically consists of distinctive
speech sounds (phonemes)
• Speech sounds represented graphologically in written
speech
• This level of language is often called the phonemic or
phonological level
How do writers capture sound- can writing capture
sound?
LEXIS, SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS
• Lexis- refers to words and their meanings
• In lexical terms, it is also possible to change a
word without changing the referent, in which case
other aspects of meaning get changed
–
–
–
–
–
Man, A male, A gentleman, Son of Adam
He is a man
He is Male
He is a gentleman
He is a son of Adam
PRAGMATICS
• Pragmatics is the study of meaning in
context.
– The favourite animal for boys is the dog. Girls
like cats.
– A. Cats are stupid. What use is a cat?
– B. Girls like cats.
– You are fast forwarding English too much. I
cant follow you!
INTERTEXTUAL RELATIONS
• Imagine two people talking about whether their
new cat should be called: Tiddles or Toddles.
After some discussion, one of them says 'What's
in a name?
– What's in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other word would smell as sweet.
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title.
INTERTEXUALITY AT WORK?
Twinkle twinkle little star,
Twinkle twinkle little bat!
How I wonder what you are!
How I wonder what you're at!
Up above the world so high,
Up above the world you fly!
Like a diamond in the sky!
Like a teatray in the sky.
(Ann Taylor 1782-1866)
(Lewis Carroll 1832-98)
(Jane Taylor 1783-1824)
LANGUAGE LEVELS - JUST A METAPHOR
Meaning
Lexis ('word meaning')
Semantics ('sentence meaning')
Pragmatics ('meaning in context')
Intertextual features
Grammar
Syntax and Morphology
Sounds/Writing
Phonology (speech)
Shapes
Graphology (writing)
USE OF LEVELS OF LANGUAGE IN ADVERTISING
• Advertisers want to catch our attention and have
us remember their advertisements
• They often do this by being unusual, breaking
out of the normal patterns of language
• They share this tendency with poets and other
innovative users of language
CARPENTER IN NAZERETH IS SEEKING
JOINERS
• What do you think is being advertised?
– Bible study group/club.
• What levels of language are being played with
– Intertextuality- Jesus was a carpenter
– Lexical ambiguity- joiners linked to woodwork, but
really meaning to join a group of bible study?
Blissfully Buttery Mightily Munchy Buttermunch
• What is being advertised?
– Buttermunch-some kind of chocolate
• What levels of language are being exploited?
– sound and graphological patterning
– poetry is easier to learn by heart than prose as a consequence of its use of rhyme,
alliteration and assonance patterns
– deviant use of initial capitals for each word
– graphological and sound patterns are themselves linked to grammatical patterns
• The whole slogan is a noun phrase with the noun 'Buttermunch' as its head word
• The two pairs of alliterating words ('Blissfully Buttery' and 'Mightily Munchy') act
together grammatically as adjective-head phrases (with adverbs modifying the adjective
head words) both modifying the head noun 'Buttermunch'
NOUN PHRASE STRUCTURE
THE END