Transcript Problem, Process and Solution

Problem, Process and
Solution
Problem-Solution
• Argumentative/Evaluative
• Your position – questioning & perceptive
Suggested parts of a ProblemSolution Text
• Situation – background information
• Problem – lack of data, question method,
inadequacies
• Solution – how to get more data, improve
method, overcome inadequacies
• Evaluation – Assessment of the merits of
the proposed answer
Will your text be a problemsolution?
• HMMs (Hidden Markov Models) are
commonly used in speech recognition
algorithms. They have also been
successfully utilized in many other
bioinformatics problems. However, to our
knowledge, there is no prior work that
uses HMMs for inferring gene regulation.
This remains as a significant avenue of
research yet to be explored. We are
hoping to be the first group to achieve this.
• Often begin by reviewing the current state
of knowledge which allows the author to
raise questions and offer answers.
Midposition Adverbs
• “to our knowledge, there is no prior work
that uses”
• “published”, “to do/carry out research”, yet
currently, to date, hitherto, as of yet, study,
investigate
Task 2 – p. 86
Role of Process
• Often necessary to describe a process –
• Does your text/will your text describe a
process? What is it?
Passive Voice
• When/why do we use the passive
• Identifying “human” agents is unusual
• May find – by + process or by + non-human
agent
– The chances of finding oil are often estimated by
seismic survey
Write a similar sentence using concepts from your field
Flow
• Write a list of words used to introduce
stages in a sequence eg. Firstly, secondly,
thirdly
• after (a while)
afterwards
at first
at last
at (the same time)
while
first , second, third...
thereafter
concurrently
soon
then
(up to) (then)
later
somewhat earlier
shortly
over the next (2 days)
as long as
last
• as soon as
before (that time)
finally
in the end
meanwhile
next
immediately
next
firstly , secondly, thirdly...
in the future
subsequently
at that time
since (then)
so far
Ambiguity caused by combining
verbs
• The liquid is collected and kept for 24
hours
• The sample is collected and stored in a
sterile container
• In consumer research, individuals are
selected and interviewed by telephone
Combining Active/Passive Voice
• Task 8 – page 98
When “active” is used
• When agent is important (even human)
– Einstein developed the theory of relativity
• When agent is non-human (but not always)
– The sun rises in the East
– When the coral is stressed , the coral releases the
algae.
• If the verb indicates a change of state
– The metal expanded because of the increase in
temperature
Task 11 page 104
Task 12 page 105
Task 14
Task 15
• Indirect Questions