Transcript Unit 7: Relationships

Unit 7: Relationships
Class 1
Lesson A and B
Circle of friends
2. My most
exciting
friend…
1. My ___
buddy…
5. My new
friend…
3. My school
friend…
4. My friend
from work/
church/
volunteering…
Grammar Point: Relative clauses
•
identifies or gives information about a
noun (He’s the guy who got me started
running.)
•
defining (restrictive) – identifies which
person/thing is being talked about (*much
more common)
•
•
Ben is the person that sits across from me at work.
non-defining (non-restrictive) – gives extra
info about the person/thing being talked
about
•
Ben, who sits across from me at work, used to have his
own company.
Grammar Point: Relative
Clauses
•
relative clauses can modify/describe
nouns which are subjects or objects
1. Subject Relative Clauses
relative pronoun
Nina is a woman. She sits across from me.
Nina is a woman who / that sits across from me.
Nina had a company. It planned weddings.
Nina had a company which / that planned
weddings.
Grammar Point: Relative
Clauses
1. Subject Relative Clauses
•
•
the relative pronoun is the subject of the verb in the
clause
clause = a collection of words that has a subject
that is actively doing a verb
Main clause
(independent clause)
Subject relative clause
(dependent clause)
Nina is a woman
who / that sits across from me.
She had a company
that / which planned weddings.
Grammar Point: Relative
Clauses
2. Object Relative Clauses
• the relative pronoun is the object of the verb in the
clause
Charlie is someone (that) I can trust.
What does that refer back to?
What is the subject of the relative clause?
What is the verb in the relative clause?
What is the object of the relative clause?
Jen talks about the things (that) she’s doing.
Grammar Point: Relative
Clauses
• in object relative clauses you don’t need to say
the relative pronoun especially in conversation
Relative Pronouns:
Subject Relative
Clauses
who
Object Relative Clauses
that
who(m) *whom not common in
conversation but used in writing
mostly after a preposition
that
which
which *not frequent
Find the relative clauses
• P66
• underline the relative clauses
• write S for subject relative clause or O for
object relative clause
Circle of friends
• Write a sentence describing each of your
friends using a relative clause.
• Introduce your circle of friends to your partner.
Unit 7: Relationships
Class 2
Lesson C and D
Vocabulary
Phrasal verb
Meaning
wrote back (write back)
to reply in writing
turned out (turn out)
to result in
grew up (grow up)
to progress from childhood to adulthood
hung out (hang out)
to spend free time together
got along (get along)
to spend time together agreeably
going out
to date; to be in a relationship
settle down
to choose a life partner and stop dating
signed up (sign up)
to register
work out
to progress positively
break up
to end a relationship
moved away (move away)
to leave one area for another
came back (come back)
to return
going out
to date; to be in a relationship
turns out
to result in
went away (go away)
to leave a place
Grammar Point: Phrasal verbs
• phrasal verbs can be separable or
inseparable
• these are inseparable – the verb and
particle stay together [verb + particle]
– She went away to college. O
– She went to college away. X
• these are intransitive [=they don’t take an
object]
– Anna went away.
– She flew back.
– Things didn’t work out.
Speaking Naturally
• phrasal verb = verb + particle
• usually grammatical words are not stressed
• BUT the particle in a phrasal verb is strongly
stressed
–
–
–
–
grew up
go out
went away
flew back
Annoying neighbors
• What are some things your neighbors do
that annoy you?
– play the piano late at night
– let their children run around
Conversation Strategy: Softening
comments
• in conversation, people soften their comments
(especially when talking about other people) to
avoid sounding too direct or rude
I guess**
I think*
probably***
sort of (+ verb)
a little***
a (little) bit****
maybe***
kind of* (+ adjective)
just
in a way
* top 100 words/expressions in English conversation
** top 150
*** top 200
**** top 500
Strategy Plus: though
• though often used to give a contrasting idea
(used like but or however and usually at the end
of the sentence)
– can be used by the same speaker to contrast ideas
A: She’s a nice person. She can be a bit weird, though.
[=She’s a nice person, but she can be a bit weird.]
– can be used by another speaker to disagree in a
“soft”, polite way
A: She’s a nice person.
B: Yeah. She can be a bit weird, though. [=I agree, but she can
be a little weird.]