Transcript imperative mood

El modo imperativo
Los mandatos
The imperative mood
Commands
• Spanish has three moods, that is, three ways of
talking: the indicative, the imperative, and the
subjunctive.
• The indicative mood is used to express the
way things are; you use the present, past, and
future tenses with this mood.
• The subjunctive mood is used to express a
possibility or opinion; something that isn’t
necessarily true but could be.
• The imperative mood is used to express
requests and commands.
• You have learned the indicative mood and later on
you’ll learn the subjunctive. Now we’ll concentrate on
the imperative mood.
• Whenever you want somebody to do something for
you, you will have to use the imperative mood.
• We use two ways of speaking in Spanish:
– the formal speech to show respect or to be polite.
– the informal speech when we are familiar with the people we
are talking with or when they are the same age or younger
than us.
• Because of the formal and informal speech in
Spanish, whenever you have to give a command you’ll
have to choose between the formal (polite) or informal
(familiar) commands.
• Formal commands are formed by:
1) conjugating the verb with yo in the present
tense.
2) then drop the –o ending.
3) add the following endings:
for –ar verbs add –e for ud. and –en for uds.
for –er and –ir verbs add –a for ud. and –an for uds.
Ex: You (formal/singular) speak!
1) First, conjugate hablar with yo = hablo
2) Second, drop the –o. hablo = habl
3) Third, for –ar verbs add –e = hable
Translation = (Usted) ¡hable!
Ejercicios
• Translate the following formal commands:
1. You walk._____________________________
2. You (pl) walk.__________________________
3. You eat.______________________________
4. You (pl) eat.___________________________
5. You mix.______________________________
6. You (pl) mix.___________________________
7. You taste._____________________________
8. You (pl) taste._________________________
9. You add._____________________________
• The following verbs are irregular:
Verb
Ud.(f/s)
dar (to give)
dé
ir (to go)
vaya
ser (to be)
sea
estar (to be)
esté
saber (to know)
sepa
Uds.(f/p)
den
vayan
sean
estén
sepan
To make a formal command negative just add no
in front of the command.
Abra la puerta. → No abra la puerta.
Cierre la ventana. → No cierre la ventana.
Verbs ending in –car, -gar,
and –zar
• Verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have
a spelling change in formal commands.
Usted
Ustedes
• Buscar ---- busque
busquen
• Pagar ------- pague
paguen
• Empezar --- empiece
empiecen
Ejercicios
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tocar _________________
Tocar (pl)_______________
Jugar__________________
Jugar (pl)_______________
Practicar________________
Practicar (pl)_____________
Almorzar________________
Almorzar (pl)_____________
Go verbs
To make commands with –go verbs you
follow the same rule:
1. conjugate with yo.
2. drop the o
3. add a for –er/ir (-go verbs are only –er and –ir)
• Tener
tengo
teng tenga
Write the commands for the following –go verbs
Go verbs
Tener
Venir
Salir
Decir(e>i)
Hacer
Poner
Traer (irr.)
Usted
Ustedes
Commands with object
pronouns
• In Spanish, the placement of pronouns
depends on whether a command is
affirmative or negative.
• In affirmative commands, you attach the
object pronouns to the end of the verb.
• Compre la comida.
object pronoun
• Cómprela
Notice that there is an accent on the o. You will
need to add an accent on commands with three
or more syllables.
Ejercicios
• Form a new word by attaching the object
pronouns to the formal commands.
1. Preparare la cena.__________________
2. Hierva el aceite.____________________
3. Pruebe el postre.___________________
4. Corte las cebollas.__________________
5. Bata los huevos.____________________
6. Fria las patatas.____________________
7. Lea la receta.______________________
• In negative commands, you place object
pronouns before the verb and after no.
• No compre la comida.
object pronoun
• No la compre.
• No vendan la ropa.
• No la vendan.
No añada el ajo.
No lo añada.
Ejercicios
Make commands with object pronouns.
• Hervir/zanahorias. Hiérvalas.
• No hervir/zanahorias. No las hierva.
1. Freír/verduras._____________________
2. No mezclar/huevos._________________
3. Cortar/ajos.________________________
4. No comer/comida.__________________
5. Batir/ingredientes.__________________
6. Pagar/desayuno.___________________
Make plural commands with
object pronouns.
• Hervir/frijoles. Hiérvanlos.
• No hervir/zanahorias. No las hiervan.
1. Mezclar/ingredientes.________________
2. No preparar/cena.__________________
3. Batir/huevos..______________________
4. No beber/bebidas.__________________
5. Cortar/pollos.______________________
6. Añadir/verduras.___________________
• The informal / singular commands are formed
by conjugating the verb with the pronoun usted
in the present (indicative) tense.
Ex: You (inf.) speak
¡Tú habla!
Just conjugate speak / hablar with usted =habla
Ejercicios. Translate the following informal
commands:
1. You (inf) work._________________________
2. You (inf) wash._________________________
3. You (inf) write.__________________________
4. You (inf) study._________________________
5. You (inf) sweep.________________________
• To make informal commands negative:
1) First conjugate the verb into tú.
2) Invert the conjugation endings.
For –ar verbs add –es, and for –er and –ir
verbs add –as.
3) Add no infront of the new command.
Ex: Don’t read.
Conjugate to read (leer) with tú→ lees.
Change lees to –as → leas.
Add no infront of the command→No leas.
Don’t drink. Tomar→tomas→tomes→No tomes.
Ejercicios. Translate the following
informal / singular commands.
1. You (inf/s) dance._______________________
2. You (inf/s) don’t dance.___________________
3. You (inf/s) jump.________________________
4. You (inf/s) don’t jump.____________________
5. You (inf/s) sing._________________________
6. You (inf/s) don’t sing.____________________
7. You (inf/s) run._________________________
8. You (inf/s) don’t run._____________________
9. You (inf/s) don’t sleep (o>ue).______________
Irregular informal commands.
• The following verbs are irregular in the informal/
singular command conjugations.
Verbo
Mandato afirmativo
Decir (to say)
Hacer (to do)
Ir (to go)
Poner (to put)
Salir (to leave)
Ser (to be)
tener (to have)
Venir (to come)
Di
Haz
Ve
Pon
Sal
Sé
Ten
Ven
Mandato negativo
No digas
No hagas
No vayas
No pongas
No salgas
No seas
No tengas
No vengas
A good way to remember…
• Here is a sentence that will help you remember
the eight irregular tú commands:
“Vin Diesel has ten weapons, eh!”
ven di
sal haz
ten ve
pon
sé
come
say
do
leave
go
have
venir decir salir hacer tener ir
be
put
poner
ser
Another way to remember…
• To the beat of Row, row, row your boat you can
sing the following:
Haz, sal, ve y ven
di, ten, sé y pon
ocho mandatos afirmativos
irregulares son
• The nosotros commands are used when the
speaker is included. These commands are
translated as let’s…(+ verb).
• To form these commands you’ll have to
conjugate the verb with nosotros and invert the
ending. For –ar verbs use the ending –emos
and for –er and –ir verbs use the ending
–amos.
• Ex: Let’s walk (caminar)
Conjugate caminar with nosotros→ caminamos.
Change caminamos to –emos → caminemos.
Let’s write (escribir)
escribimos→ add –amos → escribamos.
• To make negative commands with nosotros
place no infront of the command.
• Ex: Let’s not clean here.
Limpiar→ limpiamos→limpiemos→ No limpiemos
No limpiemos aquí.
Let’s not play.
Jugar→jugamos→juguemos→ No juguemos.
Let’s not write.
escribir→escribimos→escribamos→No escribamos
• With the verb Ir (se) you will have to use
“vayamos” for negative commands with
nosotros.
Let’s go to the movie theater.
Vamos al cine.
Let’s not go to the movie theater.
No vayamos al cine.
Let’s not go to the house now.
No vayamos a la casa ahora.
Ejercicios. Traduce lo siguiente:
1. Let’s study tonight._____________esta noche.
2. Let’s not study tonight.__________esta noche.
3. Let’s buy candy._______________dulces.
4. Let’s not buy candy.______________dulces.
5. Let’s go to the party.____________________.
6. Let’s not go to the party._________________.
7. Let’s talk on the phone.__________por teléfono.
8. Let’s not talk on the phone.___________por teléfono.
9. Let’s go to the school.___________________.
10. Let’s not go to the school.________________
Object pronouns with commands
• You can attach object pronouns directly to the
end of the verb only to affirmative commands.
Ex: You (formal) wash the car.
Wash it. (DO)
Lave el carro.
Lávelo.
You (formal) buy the fruits.
Compre las frutas.
You (formal) sell the flower.
Venda la flor.
Buy them.(DO)
Cómprelas.
Sell it (DO)
Véndala.
• If both the direct object pronoun (DO) and the
indirect object pronoun (IOP) are attached, the
IOP comes before the DO.
Ex: You (formal) buy it.(DO) → Cómprelo.(DO)
(DO)
(IOP)
You (f) buy it for me.
→ Cómpremelo.
(IOP) (DO)
Place the IOP right
infront of the DO
In order to maintain the original pronunciation of
the verb, a written accent is often needed.