Transcript Present participles

Participles are:
Verbal
Adjectives
Verbs that retain some of their “verbness”
Transformed into adjectives. These
hybrids now function grammatically as
adjectives.
How do we make these cool hybrids
First we decide on the breed of hybrid we want:
Present Active Participles
Perfect Passive Participles
Future Active Participles
First, we’ll focus on Present Active
everybody’s asking
Let’s make Present Active Participles!
Remember: participles are verbs transformed
into adjectives, so we start with a verb
do, dare, dedi, datum
Present Participles use the present stem of the
verb, so we begin with the 2nd principle part:
da
dare
and we drop the “-re” from the end
Like all participles, present participles are
adjectives, so they decline like adjectives.
To the present stem, we add the letters “-ns”
in the nominative singular
dans
For other cases, we add the letters “nt” to
the stem and then the endings for 3rd
declension adjectives
dantis
Declension of a Present Participle
Present participles decline like 3rd
declension adjectives:
Masculine / Feminine
Singular Plural
Nom. dans
dantes
Gen. dantis
dantium
Dat. danti
dantibus
Acc. dantem
dantes
Abl. dante/danti dantibus
Neuter
Singular Plural
Nom. dans
dantia
Gen. dantis
dantium
Dat. danti
dantibus
Acc. dans
dantia
Abl. dante/danti dantibus
**3rd io and 4th conjugation verbs have the “ie”
vowel combination – i.e. fugio becomes fugiens
Warning!
• io verbs (3rd IO & 4th) have 2 stem vowels
(i and e) just like they do in the imperfect
• so capio, capere, cepi, captus looks like:
Masculine / Feminine
Singular
Plural
Nom. capiens
capientes
Gen. capientis
capientium
Dat. capienti
capientibus
Acc. capientem
capientes
Abl. capiente
capientibus
Translating Present Participles
To translate a Present Participle, we just
add – “ing” to the verb
So, if the verb is peto, petere = to seek
the participle, petens, is “seeking”
So, if the verb is amo, amare = to love
the participle, amans, is “loving”
So, Present Participles are really EASY!!!
All Present Participles are EASY to spot
because they have the letters “ns” or “nt”
just like in the word “present”!
Let’s try this out. . .
Puer matri rosas dans est pius.
The boy, giving roses to his mother, is good.
Remember: participles are verbs transformed
into adjectives.
As adjectives, they follow the same rules as
other Latin adjectives. That means they have to
agree with the nouns they modify in Case,
Number, and Gender.
In our example dans is the adjective modifying
puer. Both are Nominative, Singular,
Masculine.
Puer matri rosas dans est pius. =
The boy, giving roses to his mother, is good.
Remember participles are verbs transformed
into adjectives.
But unlike other adjectives, participles can
still do verb-like things. They can still have
direct and indirect objects.
Let’s give our participle a direct object so
we can try this out!
Puer matri rosas dans est bonus. =
The boy, giving roses to his mother, is
good.
Let’s try some more sentences
Matres filios laudantes sunt felices.
The mothers, praising their sons, are happy.
Barbillus operas mercatorem vexantes habet.
Barbillus has thugs annoying the merchant.
Vir servīs crocodilos interficientibus hastas dedit.
The man gave spears to the slaves killing crocodiles.
Let’s review: Participles are
Verbal Adjectives
We transformed verbs into adjectives, and now
they act like adjectives while retaining some of
their “verbness”
As adjectives, participles decline like adjectives
and follow the rules that all other adjectives
follow.
Because they used to be verbs, participles still
take direct and indirect objects.